On the Unicity of Discontinuous Transitions in the Two-Dimensional Potts and Ashkin–Teller Models

Two distinct models for self-similar and self-affine river basins are numerically investigated. They yield fractal aggregation patterns following nontrivial power laws in experimentally relevant distributions. Previous numerical estimates on the critical exponents, when existing, are confirmed and superseded. A physical motivation for both models in the present framework is also discussed.     

湖北网湖~(137)Cs、~(210)Pb计年与沉积速率研究

采用放射性核素137Cs和210Pb计年法测定百年来湖北网湖沉积物的年代,据此计算出网湖的沉积速率.结果表明:2种计年方法测得的沉积速率基本一致,以1954年和1963年为时标,137Cs测得的沉积速率分别为0.594cm·a-1和0.557cm·a-1.210Pb计年法CIC模式计算得到网湖平均沉积速率为0.56cm·a-1.CRS模式得到百年来网湖沉积速率变化较大,20世纪50年代以前,平均沉积速率为0.2cm·a-1左右;50年代至80年代中期,平均沉积速率上了一个台阶,约为0.4cm·a-1;80年代中期以后平均沉积速率攀升至约0.6cm·a-1,网湖沉积速率变化与湖区自然环境的改变和人类活动的影响密切相关。     

Determination of Heroin Based on Analyte Pulse Perturbation to an Oscillating Chemical Reaction

IntroductionOscillating chemical reaction is a complexphysico- chemical system,which deals with manyintermediate processes and intermediate species.Basically,in an oscillating chemical reaction sys-tem,the concentrations of the catalyst and/or in-termediate species undergo oscillations with time.Under specific reaction conditions,the oscillationsare reflected in color change[1] ( the oscillatingspecies exhibit different colors) ,p H change[2 ]( variations in H+ or OH-concentration in themedi…     

汽油储罐火灾燃烧特性的实验研究

本文通过对直径为1 m、 1.5 m和2.7 m的汽油储罐进行火灾实验,分析了汽油罐燃烧时不同阶段的燃烧特 性。本文重点讨论了描述燃烧特性的几个重要参数的变化规律,包括火焰脉动频率、火焰高度、倾斜角度以及火焰的温度 分布等,并将结果拟合为相应的实验关联式,以揭示油罐火灾的内在规律和预测其发展趋势。     

Modeling particle sedimentation in viscous fluids with a coupled immersed boundary method and discrete element method

Numerical techniques have increasingly been used to model fluid–particle two-phase flows. Coupling the immersed boundary method (IBM) and discrete element method (DEM) is one promising approach for modeling particulate flows. In this study, IBM was coupled with DEM to improve the reliability and accuracy of IBM for determining the positions of particles during the sedimentation process within viscous fluids. The required ratio of the particle diameter to the grid size (D/dx) was determined by comparing the simulation results with the analytical solution and experimental data. A dynamic mesh refinement model was utilised in the IBM model to refine the computational fluid dynamics grid near the particles. In addition, an optimum coupling interval between the IBM and DEM models was determined based on the experimental results of a single particle sedimentation within silicon oil at a Reynolds number of 1.5. The experimental results and the analytical solution were then utilised to validate the IBM–DEM model at Reynolds numbers of 4.1, 11.6, and 31.9. Finally, the validated model was utilised to investigate the sedimentation process for more than one particle by modeling the drafting-kissing-tumbling process and the Boycott phenomenon. Benchmark tests showed that the IBM–DEM technique preserves the advantages of DEM for tracking a group of particles, while the IBM provides a reliable and accurate approach for modeling the particle–fluid interaction.     

连续流微反应

近几个世纪,传统釜式反应为我们解决了大量化工产品需求的问题。但其本身存在着很多的缺点,如安全隐患、环境污染、能源消耗巨大、占地面积大以及工艺放大困难等。连续流微反应以其高效的传质传热、精确控温控时、安全稳定、无放大效应以及反应的实时监控等优点,能很好地解决传统釜式反应存在的问题。本文对连续流微反应在最近五年的研究进展进行了概述,特别对连续流中的硝化反应、叠氮基丙烯酸酯的热解反应、格氏反应与类格氏反应、偶联反应、胺化反应、氧化还原反应、缩合反应、环化反应、多步骤反应及常用连续流微反应器进行了介绍。同时,对连续流微反应的优缺点进行了简要评述。     

着火油罐燃烧过程预测的通用模型

本文根据油罐火灾的燃烧特点,从基本的传热规律和燃烧机理出发,以油品表面热反馈的能量平衡为前提,并利用化工热力学方法计算了火焰的平均温度,通过迭代方法,并结合相关的实验数据和结果,提出了油罐火灾燃烧过程的通用模型,该模型可适用于多种碳氢类燃料。本文以汽油为例,通过计算可以得到着火油罐的多项燃烧特性,包括燃烧速度、平均火焰温度等,是获取油罐周围热辐射规律的基础和前提,计算结果可为火灾现场战术的决策以及预案的制订提供依据。     

壳聚糖投加量对白芍水提液絮凝效果的影响研究

采用紫外/可见分光光度计、激光粒度分析仪、微电泳仪等,探究壳聚糖投加量对白芍水提液絮凝率、分形维数、粒度分布、ζ电位的影响.实验结果显示,壳聚糖投加量为3.2 mL(0.31g·L~(-1))时,絮凝率达到最大值80.88%,此时总黄酮损失率为10.67%,上清液平均粒径为5.42μm,ζ最接近零电位,为-1.168 2mV,絮体分形维数为1.463;应用激光粒子测速(PIV)系统对絮体的沉降过程进行分析,建立了沉降过程的数学模型,絮凝过程的最大沉降速度为0.324 1mm·s~(-1),当絮体特征尺寸在2.75~3.75μm时,絮体的沉降性能较优.     

The Sedimentation of Colloidal Nanoparticles in Solution and Its Study Using Quantitative Digital Photography

Sedimentation and diffusion are important aspects of the behavior of colloidal nanoparticles in solution, and merit attention during the synthesis, characterization, and application of nanoparticles. Here, the sedimentation of nanoparticles is studied quantitatively using digital photography and a simple model based on the Mason–Weaver equation. Good agreement between experimental time‐lapse photography and numerical solutions of the model is found for a series of gold nanoparticles. The new method is extended to study for the first time the gravitational sedimentation of DNA‐linked gold nanoparticle dimers as a model system of a higher complexity structure. Additionally, simple formulas are derived for estimating suitable parameters for the preparative centrifugation of nanoparticle solutions.