宽带FRA中同时实现信号增益与噪声平坦的快速算法

首先优化了多波抽运拉曼光纤放大器的功率耦合方程,并利用小信号方法解决反向抽运的边值问题,其次采用遗传算法同时实现了信号增益谱和噪声谱的平坦.计算表明:双向抽运方式下系统噪声谱在C L波段(1.53~1.61μm)比反向抽运更为平坦;抽运光数目与增益平坦度呈非线性关系并存在下限值.通过多次测试,对于10波抽运,100信道的DWDM系统(带宽为80 nm),增益波动小于1 dB的优化时间可控制在400 s以内.     

基于临界状态的砂土本构模型研究

砂土孔隙比及所受压力是其力学特性的重要影响因素. 本文基于砂土临界状态线特性分析,采用以e-(p/p_a)ξ平面内的线性关系描述其等向压缩线. 通过对比分析两种不同压缩线函数 与临界状态线函数之间的关系提出更适合描述砂土在等向压缩下的参考压缩线,并给出了基于参考压缩线的等向硬化规律. 建议了适用于 描述砂土剪切特性的屈服面函数,并给出利用等向压缩和等p路径确定屈服面形状参数μ的方法. 将不同应力比对应的压缩线作为砂土状态参量参考线,以获取潜在强度M_f与特征状态应力比M_c,进而描述砂土压缩与剪切特性;基于等向压缩与等p路径建立了当前应力比与状态参量参考线之间的相关关系,从而实现了砂土状 态参量参考线由参考压缩线向临界状态线平稳过渡. 建立的砂土本构模型共11个参数,均能够通过常规土工试验或经验获取. 基于模型预测与Toyoura砂的等向压缩、三轴不排水剪切试验及排水剪切试验的对比结果,本文建立的砂土本构模型很好地描述了Toyoura 砂在不同孔隙比和不同压力下的压缩与剪切特性.      

钙质砂的准一维应变压缩试验研究

利用?100 mm的Hopkinson压杆研究了不同预压力条件下,受侧限约束的钙质砂在500～800 s^-1应变率范围、0～200 MPa压力范围内的动态力学特性,并利用HUT106D万能材料试验机研究了相同条件钙质砂在2×10^-3 s^-1应变率、0～120 MPa压力范围内的静态力学特性。研究发现,当再次加载超过一定值后,预压力对钙质砂力学特性的影响不大;Tait物态方程可以描述钙质砂的静态容变关系及高压下的动态容变关系;钙质砂的体积压缩过程存在应变率效应。     

THEORETICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES OF STRESS DISTRIBUTION IN WEDGE-SHAPED GRANULAR HEAPS

The present work explains the statics of self-weight transmission restricted to a long prismatic heap inclined at an angle of repose and symmetrically formed on a rigid base. The closure of polarized principal axes with the mobilized state of stress along the slope surface is employed by imposing the orientation of principal stresses on the equilibrium equations. Comparisons were made with calculations based on the finite element method using an elastic model. Moreover, experiments on sand heaps deposited on a rectangular rigid base were conducted to validate the theoretical study. The measured pressure profile generally agreed well with theoretical results.     

风沙两相流测量技术研究进展

围绕风沙两相流的测量, 归纳了过去几十年来在风沙动力学研究中所使用的风速测量技术和输沙率测量装置.着重讨论了高频测量在目前风沙动力学研究中的必要性, 分析了传统风速和输沙率测量装置的优缺点.对新一代光学测量技术------PIV在风沙两相流测量中的应用进行了较为详细的探讨.指出PIV测速技术在风沙两相流研究中具有广泛的应用前景, 使用PIV测速技术可以得到风沙流结构、两相速度场等宏观信息, 同时也可以进行单个颗粒运动状态的研究.      

等p路径十砂土本构关系的归一化特性及数值建模方法

用神经网络对土体进行建模能反映应力路径相关性、反映土的剪胀剪缩以及反映体应力、剪应力对体应变、剪应变的交互影响,因而成为一种比较理想的建模方式.能否在样本有限的情况下获得精度比较高的本构模型正是主要的研究目的.通过研究中密砂在等p路径下的三轴试验曲线,发现其应力-应变关系曲线在常规应力范围内具有归一化特性.选择合适的归一化指标对砂土三轴试验数据进行归一化,以归一化的试验数据为训练样本进行神经网络训练,得到了比较理想的砂土的神经网络本构模型.本构模型仿真值与试验值符合较好,表明所给出的建模方法是合理的.提出的建模方法可以在所有试验数据的基础上自动实现概率寻优,能有效降低噪声信号的干扰、减小试验数据的分散造成的影响.     

Modeling of Wormhole Growth in Cold Production

Cold production is a non-thermal process in which sand is intentionally produced with the oil in order to enhance oil recovery. Two experiments were performed to investigate the effect of producing large quantities of sand on the overall permeability of a formation. A large high porosity channel (wormhole) was observed in both experiments. A model of wormhole growth was successfully tested in two sand production experiments simulating the growth of a wormhole from a perforation in a vertical well. The produced volumes of oil, sand and gas, the pressure distribution along the pack and the final length of the wormholes were well predicted. The two sand packs had significantly different cohesive strengths. The strength of the sand did not have a significant effect on the growth of the wormholes. The formation of tensile failure bands at the wormhole surface, as observed in the experiments, may weaken the sand and allow it to be fluidized more easily. This weakening effect would explain the lower pressure gradients calculated at the surface of the wormhole while it developed compared to the critical pressure gradient for sand production predicted by Bratli and Risnes (1981).     

On the Validity of Darcy's Law for Stable High-Concentration Displacements in Granular Porous Media

Recently, it has been suggested that Darcy's Law might not be applicable for modelling miscible, density-dependent flow in porous media. To investigate this, three sets of careful laboratory column experiments were performed on coarse and medium sands, consisting of upward displacement of water by sodium chloride solutions with concentrations ranging from 5 to 200g/l. Data on salt concentrations and water pressures were collected in horizontal transects along the flow direction. Salt concentration data were also collected in the influent and exit lines. The experimental data were analysed using a simplified approach based on Darcy's Law alone, applied with the assumption of a sharp interface. Darcy's Law was used to estimate porous medium permeability by fitting predictions to experimental data. Consistent estimates of permeability were obtained for each set of experiments. The results indicate that Darcy's Law adequately describes high concentration displacements through saturated coarse- and medium-grained porous media.     

颗粒型砂介质的受压力学特征及屈服滑动

提出颗粒型砂介质在压实过程中的两种特征：孔隙填充状态和颗粒滑动状态；针对孔隙填充状态的力学行为特征，提出相对体积改变量(压实量)作为表征此状态的特征参量，研究了瞬时压缩模量与压实量的函数关系；针对型砂的颗粒滑动状态，提出具有强化效应的Mohr-Coulomb屈服条件，推导描述颗粒屈服滑动状态的增量本构方程、以及三轴压实过程条件下的状态本构方程，最后，就不同侧向压力下的三轴压缩试验、带模样的型砂压实试验的大量试验数据进行处理和验证。     

地表温度对颗粒跃移轨迹的影响

为了研究由地表温度变化引起的向上的垂向气流对沙粒跃移运动的影响,本文给出了考虑近地表温度变化和水平来流风场作用下的沙粒的跃移运动。在定量给出不同时刻的近地表温度和垂向风速的基础上,计算了由于太阳辐射所引起的近地表层垂向气流对沙粒跃移运动的影响,发现:垂向风速在午后可达到1.5m/s并使得沙粒跃移轨迹的最大高度和长度分别增加55.56%和73.68%;同时,与不考虑温度效应的情况不同的是,沙粒跃移轨道最大高度将随粒径变化。