吖啶红共振散射光谱法测定痕量铁(Ⅲ)

在pH=3.2的HCl介质中,Fe(Ⅲ)氧化I-产生I2,I2与过量I-形成I-3,I-3与吖啶红(AR)通过静电引力缔合形成AR-I3离子缔合物(结合比为n(I-3)∶n(AR)=1∶1),AR-I3分子自动聚集形成(AR-I3)n缔合物微粒,从而引起共振散射光谱显著增强,其最大散射峰位于468 nm。 实验研究了介质条件、共振探针用量等因素对散射体系的影响,考察了该散射反应稳定性及共存物质的影响,并对反应机理和散射光谱增强的原因进行了探讨。 结果表明,Fe(Ⅲ)与共振光散射强度增强值ΔI468 nm在0.08～0.56 mg/L范围内呈现良好线性关系,检测限为5.76×10-7 g/L。 该方法有较好的选择性,可用于水样中痕量Fe(Ⅲ)的测定,结果与原子吸收法一致,回收率为96.0%～102.4%,相对标准偏差小于3.3%。     

氯丁胶乳-聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯复合乳胶粒结构形态

以氯丁胶乳（Pa）为种子乳液,甲基丙烯酸甲酯（Pb）为第二单体,采用种子乳液聚合法,制备了氯丁胶乳-聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯复合乳胶粒。 热力学分析表明,当Pb的体积分数Φb＜0.69时,可同时形成Pa-Pb型正核-壳和（Pa＋Pb）分离型乳胶粒,当Φb＞0.69时,形成Pb-Pa型翻转型核壳结构乳胶粒,并伴有Pa-Pb型正核-壳结构乳胶粒的形成。 动力学分析表明,引发剂类型、第二单体的加入方式、种子乳胶粒的交联、单体/聚合物质量比是影响乳胶粒形态的主要因素。 采用水溶性引发剂过二硫酸钾（KPS）,以饥饿态方式加入单体,氯丁胶乳 聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PCR-PMMA)复合乳胶粒呈现正核-壳结构,以充溢态方式加入单体则不能形成明显的核-壳结构;而以油溶性偶氮二异丁腈（AIBN）为引发剂时,单体无论以充溢态方式加入还是饥饿态加入均倾向于形成翻转核-壳型粒子。 在种子乳胶粒中加入一定量交联剂二缩三乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯,有利于形成明显的正核壳结构。 以饥饿态进料,KPS为引发剂时,随着单体用量增加,壳层变厚,仍呈正核-壳结构,与热力学分析结果相吻合;以AIBN为引发剂时,随着单体用量增加,PCR-PMMA复合乳胶粒逐渐由翻转核壳型结构变为互穿结构。     

A genetic resampling particle filter for freeway traffic-state estimation

On-line estimation of the state of traffic based on data sampled by electronic detectors is important for intelligent traffic management and control.Because a nonlinear feature exists in the traffic state,and because particle filters have good characteristics when it comes to solving the nonlinear problem,a genetic resampling particle filter is proposed to estimate the state of freeway traffic.In this paper,a freeway section of the northern third ring road in the city of Beijing in China is considered as the experimental object.By analysing the traffic-state characteristics of the freeway,the traffic is modeled based on the second-order validated macroscopic traffic flow model.In order to solve the particle degeneration issue in the performance of the particle filter,a genetic mechanism is introduced into the resampling process.The realization of a genetic particle filter for freeway traffic-state estimation is discussed in detail,and the filter estimation performance is validated and evaluated by the achieved experimental data.     

新型二维发散波电磁粒子速度计的设计初探

为探索发散波作用下粒子速度二维电磁测试方法,研究了脉冲电流作用下Helmholtz线圈磁场特性,设计了新型二维发散波电磁粒子速度计构型.通过有机玻璃试验样品中粒子速度的一维和二维电磁测试对比实验,表明新型二维发散波电磁粒子速度计可以为具有分界面、沟槽或节理的非均匀分层介质中的发散波传播规律研究提供有效的测试手段.     

用拉格朗日相关结构研究圆盘启动过程的流体输运

利用粒子成像测速(PIV)技术,得到了圆盘启动涡环流场的速度分布和涡量分布.圆盘启动涡环流场的有限时间李雅普诺夫指数场(Finit-time Lyapunov exponents,FTLE)以及拉格朗日相关结构(Lagrangian coherent structures,LCS)被计算出来.基于圆盘启动涡环流场的有限时间李雅普诺夫指数场以及拉格朗日相关结构,通过跟踪流体质点,对圆盘启动涡环流场的输运情况进行了分析.在圆盘启动涡环形成过程中,流体发现被圆盘和相互排斥的拉格朗日相关结构分成三部分.剪切流窗口(vorticity-flux window)被发现,涡量流通过剪切流窗口进入涡核.涡环的非定常边界被确定,它由相互排斥的拉格朗日相关结构背风面、圆盘以及剪切流窗口组成.     

激波驱动下固体颗粒抛撒的实验研究

本文使用阴影照相技术、高速摄像技术及压力测试手段,实验记录和研究了激波与固体颗粒群的作用及激波作用后固体颗粒群的抛撒和云团的形成过程.结果表明:在激波与固体颗粒群作用过程中,存在着清晰的激波透射、反射及绕射现象,同时激波强度在作用后有明显的下降趋势;在固体颗粒抛撒及云团形成过程中,实验发现对同一粒径的颗粒抛撒来说,抛撒的颗粒群质量越大,云团形成的均匀性及稳定性越好,而对不同粒径的颗粒群来说,粒径越大,形成的云.团集中性越强.     

Coupling of discrete-element method and smoothed particle hydrodynamics for liquid-solid flows

Particle based methods can be used for both the simulations of solid and fluid phases in multiphase medium, such as the discrete-element method for solid phase and the smoothed particle hydrodynamics for fluid phase. This paper presents a computational method combining these two methods for solid-liquid medium. The two phases are coupled by using an improved model from a reported Lagrangian-Eulerian method. The technique is verified by simulating liquid-solid flows in a two-dimensional lid-driven cavity.     

嵌段共聚物组成对薄膜形貌影响的多体耗散粒子动力学研究

利用多体耗散粒子动力学(Multibody Dissipative Particle Dynamics, Multibody DPD)方法研究了在溶剂蒸发条件下, 嵌段共聚物在表面自组装形成薄膜的过程, 分别考虑了两嵌段共聚物和三嵌段共聚物及不同组成对薄膜形貌的影响. 模拟得到了无序状薄膜和层状薄膜, 并计算了这些薄膜的序参量和薄膜厚度随时间的演化. 结果表明, 嵌段共聚物的组成对薄膜厚度几乎没有影响, 当某种组分的链段很短时, 只能形成序参量较小的无序薄膜, 相反, 则可以得到序参量较大的层状薄膜.     

Electron Acceleration by Beating of Two Intense Cross-Focused Hollow Gaussian Laser Beams in Plasma

This paper presents propagation of two cross-focused intense hollow Gaussian laser beams(HGBs) in collisionless plasma and its effect on the generation of electron plasma wave(EPW) and electron acceleration process,when relativistic and ponderomotive nonlinearities are simultaneously operative. Nonlinear differential equations have been set up for beamwidth of laser beams, power of generated EPW, and energy gain by electrons using WKB and paraxial approximations. Numerical simulations have been carried out to investigate the effect of typical laser-plasma parameters on the focusing of laser beams in plasmas and further its effect on power of excited EPW and acceleration of electrons. It is observed that focusing of two laser beams in plasma increases for higher order of hollow Gaussian beams,which significantly enhanced the power of generated EPW and energy gain. The amplitude of EPW and energy gain by electrons is found to enhance with an increase in the intensity of laser beams and plasma density. This study will be useful to plasma beat wave accelerator and in other applications requiring multiple laser beams.     

Pair Production in Chromoelectric Field with Back Reaction

Massless quark pair production in SU(2) gauge chromoelectric field is investigated by solving the Wigner function with back reaction. The temporal evolution of specific field and its current are obtained self consistently. For the quark distribution function, both its time and momentum dependence are studied. In particular, some interesting phenomena are found, for example, the more abundant symmetry or/and antisymmetry characteristics, the existence of the attractive basin structure and the existence of the momentum "gap" in the quark distribution and so on. All the phenomena are associated with the quark-gluon plasma oscillation, which due to the back reaction effect. The study and analysis qualitatively about the components of the Wigner function are expected to be helpful to deepen the understanding of the QCD vacuum.