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排序方式: 共有5952条查询结果,搜索用时 11 毫秒
831.
832.
Assuming that Ω⊂Rn, n?2, is an open, relatively compact set with boundary ∂Ω of Lebesgue measure zero we prove strong Feller properties for a class of distorted Brownian motions in with reflecting boundary condition. Dirichlet form techniques give the existence of a weak solution to the corresponding stochastic differential equation for quasi all starting points in the sense of the associated martingale problem. Combining this result with the strong Feller properties we can construct a weak solution for specified starting points. If Ω has C2-boundary the construction works for all starting points, where the drift term is not singular, even on the boundary. But also for a certain class of sets with less smooth boundary our approach works for all points in Ω, where the drift term is not singular, and at least some points from ∂Ω. Our techniques allow very singular drift terms. This enables us to construct continuous N-particle gradient stochastic dynamics in cuboids Λ⊂Rd, d∈N, with reflecting boundary condition and singular interactions for dN?2. We can start the stochastic dynamics in all initial configurations having at most one particle in ∂Λ, provided ∂Λ is locally smooth there. 相似文献
833.
Leoni S 《Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2007,13(36):10022-10029
Finding new pathways to novel materials is an open challenge in modern solid-state chemistry. Among the reasons that still prevent a rational planning of synthetic routes is the lack of an atomistic understanding at the moment of phase formation. Metastable phases are, in this respect, powerful points of access to new materials. For the synthetic efforts to fully take advantage of such peculiar intermediates, a precise atomistic understanding of critical processes in the solid state in its many facets, that is, nucleation patterns, formation and propagation of interfaces, intermediate structures, and phase growth, is mandatory. Recently we have started a systematic theoretical study of phase transitions, especially of processes with first-order thermodynamics, to reach a firm understanding of the atomistic mechanisms governing polymorphism in the solid state. A clear picture is emerging of the interplay between nucleation patterns, the evolution of domain interfaces and final material morphology. Therein intermediate metastable structural motifs with distinct atomic patterns are identified, which become exciting targets for chemical synthesis. Accordingly, a new way of implementing simulation strategies as a powerful support to the chemical intuition is emerging. Simulations of real materials under conditions corresponding to the experiments are shedding light onto yet elusive aspects of solid-solid transformations. Particularly, sharp insights into local nucleation and growth events allow the formulation of new concepts for rationalizing interfaces formed during phase nucleation and growth. Structurally different and confined in space, metastable interfaces occurring during polymorph transformations bring about distinct diffusion behavior of the chemical species involved. More generally, stable structures emerge as a result of the concurrence of the transformation mechanism and of chemical reactions within the phase-growth fronts. 相似文献
834.
835.
836.
S. Heinz E. Berdermann F. Heine O. Joeres P. Kienle I. Koenig W. Koenig C. Kozhuharov U. Leinberger M. Rhein A. Schröter H. Tsertos The ORANGE Collaboration at GSI 《The European Physical Journal A - Hadrons and Nuclei》2000,9(1):55-61
We present new results from measurements and simulations of positron spectra, originating from 238U + 181Ta collisions at beam energies close to the Coulomb barrier. The measurements were performed using an improved experimental
setup at the double-Orange spectrometer of GSI. Particular emphasis is put on the signature of positrons from Internal-Pair-Conversion
(IPC) processes in the measured e+-energy spectra, following the de-excitation of electromagnetic transitions in the moving Ta-like nucleus. It is shown by
Monte Carlo simulations that, for the chosen current sweeping procedure used in the present experiments, positron emission
from discrete IPC transitions can lead to rather narrow line structures in the measured energy spectra. The measured positron
spectra do not show evidence for line structures within the statistical accuracy achieved, although expected from the intensities
of the observed γ-transitions ( E
γ∼ 1250-1600 keV) and theoretical conversion coefficients. This is due to the reduced detection efficiency for IPC positrons,
caused by the limited spatial and momentum acceptance of the spectrometer. A comparison with previous results, in which lines
have been observed, is presented and the implications are discussed.
Received: 27 April 2000 / Accepted: 14 September 2000 相似文献
837.
Han Hee-Siew Chen Da-Ren Pui David Y.H. Anderson Bruce E. 《Journal of nanoparticle research》2000,2(1):43-52
We have developed a fast-response nanometer aerosol size analyzer (nASA) that is capable of scanning 30 size channels between 3 and 100 nm in a total time of 3 s. The analyzer includes a bipolar charger (Po210), an extended-length nanometer differential mobility analyzer (Nano-DMA), and an electrometer (TSI 3068). This combination of components provides particle size spectra at a scan rate of 0.1 s per channel free of uncertainties caused by response-time-induced smearing. The nASA thus offers a fast response for aerosol size distribution measurements in high-concentration conditions and also eliminates the need for applying a de-smearing algorithm to resulting data. In addition, because of its thermodynamically stable means of particle detection, the nASA is useful for applications requiring measurements over a broad range of sample pressures and temperatures. Indeed, experimental transfer functions determined for the extended-length Nano-DMA using the tandem differential mobility analyzer (TDMA) technique indicate the nASA provides good size resolution at pressures as low as 200 Torr. Also, as was demonstrated in tests to characterize the soot emissions from the J85-GE engine of a T-38 aircraft, the broad dynamic concentration range of the nASA makes it particularly suitable for studies of combustion or particle formation processes. Further details of the nASA performance as well as results from calibrations, laboratory tests and field applications are presented below. 相似文献
838.
H. Kachkachi A. Ezzir M. Noguès E. Tronc 《The European Physical Journal B - Condensed Matter and Complex Systems》2000,14(4):681-689
We present a microscopic model for nanoparticles, of the maghemite (-Fe2O3) type, and perform classical Monte Carlo simulations of their magnetic properties. On account of M?ssbauer spectroscopy and
high-field magnetisation results, we consider a particle as composed of a core and a surface shell of constant thickness.
The magnetic state in the particle is described by the anisotropic classical Dirac-Heisenberg model including exchange and
dipolar interactions and bulk and surface anisotropy. We consider the case of ellipsoidal (or spherical) particles with free
boundaries at the surface. Using a surface shell of constant thickness ( nm) we vary the particle size and study the effect of surface magnetic disorder on the thermal and spatial behaviors of the
net magnetisation of the particle. We study the shift in the surface “critical region” for different surface-to-core ratios
of the exchange coupling constants. It is also shown that the profile of the local magnetisation exhibits strong temperature
dependence, and that surface anisotropy is responsible for the non saturation of the magnetisation at low temperatures.
Received 1 September 1999 and Received in final form 3 November 1999 相似文献
839.
Fritiof程序是一个著名的粒子物理蒙特卡罗模拟程序,在国际上比较通用。本文简要介绍它的理论模型,功能及主要特点,描述了程序的移植、开发和应用。 相似文献
840.
关于湍流拟序结构的思考 总被引:3,自引:2,他引:1
本文在简要地回顾了30多年来湍流拟序结构研究的进展之后,评述了目前拟序结构研究的动态。笔者强调准确的湍流场数据库建立的重要性,它是定量描述和研究拟序结构的基础。笔者评述了关于拟序结构目前流行的几种观点和方法,认为应当把研究拟序结构的动力学作为我们研究的目标。笔者深信准确掌握拟序结构的动力学规律,对于预测和控制湍流将有极大的推动。 相似文献