用鲁棒Riemann求解器和运动重叠网格计算旋翼粘性绕流

发展了一种基于鲁棒Riemann求解器和运动重叠网格技术计算直升机悬停旋翼流场的方法。基于惯性坐标系,悬停旋翼流场是非定常流场,控制方程为可压缩Reynolds平均Navier-Stoke方程,其对流项采用Roe近似Reimann求解器离散,使用改进的五阶加权基本无振荡格式进行高阶重构,非定常时间推进采用含牛顿型LUSGS子迭代的全隐式双时间步方法。为实施旋转运动和便于捕捉尾迹,计算采用运动重叠网格技术。计算得到的桨叶表面压力分布及桨尖涡涡核位置都与实验结果吻合较好。数值结果表明:所发展方法对桨尖涡具有较高的分辨率,对激波具有较好的捕捉能力,该方法可进一步推广到前飞旋翼粘性绕流的计算。     

合肥光源交错刀片型光位置检测器的研制

为了减小同步光尺寸对同步光位置检测器灵敏度的影响,合肥光源新研制了一种交错刀片型光位置检测器,并使用成熟的商业化产品Libera Photon进行后续的数据处理和输出。基于传统计算光位置信号的差比和方法,提出了比值和对数比两种新的计算方法,理论模拟了3种计算方法下交错刀片型光位置检测器的性能。在线标定结果与理论计算结果相符,并在机器研究光束线进行了初步的应用研究。     

叶片扰流器对风力机性能影响的数值研究

风力发电机组不断向大型化发展,风力机叶片的长度越来越长,为满足其结构要求,需要在叶片内侧采用厚翼型,而厚翼型在大攻角下容易导致流动分离,影响功率输出。本文通过对某一风力机叶片进行数值模拟,分析其近叶根处的流场,发现存在较大的流动分离现象。针对两种工况,在叶片内侧最大弦长位置增加环形扰流器后进行数值模拟,与原始叶片进行比较。结果表明:扰流器可以有效减小叶片内侧的流动分离区域,风速为11 m/s和15 m/s时功率都得到一定程度的提高,扰流器附近截面上的压力分布也有所改善。     

Placevent: An algorithm for prediction of explicit solvent atom distribution—Application to HIV‐1 protease and F‐ATP synthase

We have created a simple algorithm for automatically predicting the explicit solvent atom distribution of biomolecules. The explicit distribution is coerced from the three‐dimensional (3D) continuous distribution resulting from a 3D reference interaction site model (3D‐RISM) calculation. This procedure predicts optimal location of solvent molecules and ions given a rigid biomolecular structure and the solvent composition. We show examples of predicting water molecules near the KNI‐272 bound form of HIV‐1 protease and predicting both sodium ions and water molecules near the rotor ring of F‐adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthase. Our results give excellent agreement with experimental structure with an average prediction error of 0.39–0.65 Å. Further, unlike experimental methods, this method does not suffer from the partial occupancy limit. Our method can be performed directly on 3D‐RISM output within minutes. It is extremely useful for examining multiple specific solvent–solute interactions, as a convenient method for generating initial solvent structures for molecular dynamics calculations, and may assist in refinement of experimental structures. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

基于电磁感应的扭转振动测量方法

设计了一种基于电磁感应效应的转子扭转振动测量方法.该方法的思路是使线圈与永磁体做相对运动,根据线圈切割磁感应线的速度与感应电动势正相关的原理,由线圈两端的电压变化量计算各点的瞬时速度变化量,进而积分求出扭振信息.算法上采用半周期插值以及与标准信号进行对应点比较,保证了瞬时速度变化量的精确度.装置设计方面通过适当的空间布局,在一定程度上消除了轴向振动和部分横振的影响.实测验证表明,该方法得出了与输入载荷一致的扭振信息,具有精确性良好,安装简易,操作方便的特点.     

基于FPGA驱动微陀螺旋转的移相电路

传统的微陀螺转子驱动电路采用对模拟信号直接移相实现,为了解决模拟信号直接移相时移相范围有限、调试复杂等不足,设计出了基于FPGA的数字式驱动微陀螺旋转移相电路。通过FPGA产生相位差信号,经D/A转换电路和巴特沃兹滤波电路处理后输出信号。该数字式移相方法产生的信号的相位差（0°～360°）、频率均可调,为涡流旋转微陀螺转子提供了理想的信号源。     

Experimental study of rotation effect on film cooling over the flat wall with a single hole

A new rotating test rig was set up to investigate the rotation effect on the film cooling over the flat wall. A simple flat blade with an inclined 30° film hole, which is parallel to the hot mainstream, was installed. And different rotation orientations were selected to simulate the blade pressure or suction side of a turbine blade. A steady liquid crystal technique was applied to obtain detailed distribution of the temperature over the blade surface. And the average adiabatic film cooling effectiveness of the area adjacent to the film hole was selected to evaluate the cooling effect. Five different rotational speeds, i.e., 0, 300, 500, 800, 1000 r/min, were considered. Experimental results indicate that the film trajectory could bend under the rotating condition. With the increase of the rotational speed, on the pressure side, the film trajectory inclines centripetally firstly and then centrifugally; whereas, on the suction side the film trajectory bends centrifugally. On the other hand, as the rotational speed increases, the cooling effect is improved firstly and then worsened when Ω > 500–600 r/min on the pressure side. On the suction side, however, the cooling effect is not sensitive to the rotational speed.     

Comparison of Two Unsteady Intermittency Models for Bypass Transition Prediction on a Turbine Blade Profile

The present paper evaluates two unsteady transition modelling approaches: the prescribed unsteady intermittency method PUIM, developed at Cambridge University and the dynamic unsteady intermittency method developed at Ghent University. The methods are validated against experimental data for the N3-60 steam turbine stator profile for steady and for unsteady inlet flow conditions. The characteristic features of the test case are moderately high Reynolds number and high inlet turbulence intensity, which causes bypass transition. The tested models rely both on the intermittency parameter and are unsteady approaches. In the prescribed method, the time-dependent intermittency distribution is obtained from integral relations. In the dynamic method, the intermittency distribution follows from time-dependent differential equations. For unsteady computations, self-similar wake profiles are prescribed at the inlet of the computational domain. Joint validation of the prescribed and the dynamic unsteady intermittency models against experimental data shows that both methods are able to reproduce the global features of the periodical evolution of the boundary layer under the influence of a periodically impinging wake. The overall quality of the dynamic method is better than that of the prescribed method.     

电磁作用激发的水电机组转子轴系振动研究

水轮发电机组的振动问题是长期困扰广大科研工作者的一个难题,也一直是学术界研究的热点.本文针对某大型水轮发电机转子轴系,首先建立了轴系扭振的微分方程组,给出了轴系整体扭振零频的计算公式,并计算了零频数值.接着在考虑了转子静偏心、振动偏心和转动偏心的综合影响后,求得了气隙磁场能量和单边电磁拉力的表达式,并应用机电耦联系统的能量法,求得了系统由电磁力激发的组合强迫共振响应的一次近似解.最后并应用奇异性理论对分岔方程进行了分析,求得了分岔集、滞后集、双极限集和转迁集的参数区间,给出了普适开折平面和物理参数平面上的分岔图,求得了机组稳定运行区域的电磁参数.本文所得结论对水电机组的工程设计人员具有重要的指导意义.     

非线性呼吸行为对带横向裂纹Jeffcott转子稳定性的影响

在分析现有力学模型局限性的基础上,考虑转子在失稳转速附近复杂的涡动状态,构建了不依赖于重力占优假设的含横向裂纹的Jeffcott转子的通用运动方程和一种拟合的裂纹呼吸模型。根据Floquet稳定性理论,用打靶法分析了该裂纹转子模型运动的稳定性。结果表明,刚度相对变化量、系统阻尼、裂纹相位角等系统参数对模型的运动稳定性都有较大影响,特别是裂纹相位角对稳定性的影响很复杂;在临界转速附近,裂纹的非线性呼吸行为可以提高转子的稳定性,且改变了失稳发散的行为;在亚临界转速附近,裂纹的非线性呼吸行为会降低转子的稳定性,使周期运动发生结构失稳。