Low to medium pressure rise axial fan equipment of the arbitrary vortex flow rotor-only type is widely used in industrial and commercial applications, with many of the installations and rotor designs being far from optimum. Complex computational methods exist for analyzing flows in, for example, high-speed axial flow compressors with multistage blade rows; however, the designers and manufacturers of low-speed, general-purpose axial flow fan equipment have been reluctant to embrace this technology. A simpler yet reliable design technique is presented that allows this category of ducted axial fan rotors, in the presence of swirl-free inlet flow, to be designed to achieve a specified duty with sufficient accuracy for engineering purposes. Practical blade design recommendations and limits, similar to those that exist for free vortex flow axial rotors, have been established for the arbitrary vortex flow rotor-only case.
The technique employs a straightforward engineering approach to arbitrary vortex flow axial fan rotor design, and the equation set can be solved by using relatively simple numerical methods. Estimates of pressure rise and shaft power characteristics for a proposed fan/rotor design can be computed and the design loop iterated until an acceptable set of blade parameters is identified. It is also possible to analyze the performance of an existing axial fan installation as a prelude to the design of a more efficient and effective replacement rotor.
Experimental data used in validating the design and analysis techniques are also presented. These data include comprehensive Cobra pressure probe surveys of local flow parameters downstream of three different low boss ratio, low solidity, arbitrary vortex flow rotors (all with circular arc camber line type blades) as well as fan performance characteristics for one of the experimental rotors configured as a direct-exhaust fan unit. Installation-dependent factors such as direct-exhaust losses and tip clearance effects are also examined. The analytical technique is shown to provide acceptable estimates of fan/rotor pressure rise performance and shaft power characteristics over a moderately wide range of blade angles and operating conditions. 相似文献
The present paper evaluates two unsteady transition modelling approaches: the prescribed unsteady intermittency method PUIM,
developed at Cambridge University and the dynamic unsteady intermittency method developed at Ghent University. The methods
are validated against experimental data for the N3-60 steam turbine stator profile for steady and for unsteady inlet flow
conditions. The characteristic features of the test case are moderately high Reynolds number and high inlet turbulence intensity,
which causes bypass transition. The tested models rely both on the intermittency parameter and are unsteady approaches. In
the prescribed method, the time-dependent intermittency distribution is obtained from integral relations. In the dynamic method,
the intermittency distribution follows from time-dependent differential equations. For unsteady computations, self-similar
wake profiles are prescribed at the inlet of the computational domain. Joint validation of the prescribed and the dynamic
unsteady intermittency models against experimental data shows that both methods are able to reproduce the global features
of the periodical evolution of the boundary layer under the influence of a periodically impinging wake. The overall quality
of the dynamic method is better than that of the prescribed method. 相似文献
The polypropylene (PP)/polystyrene (PS)/montmorillonite (MMT) blends were prepared by an innovative eccentric rotor extruder based on continuous elongational flow. Addition of MMT nanoparticles was found to reduce the PS droplet size and improve the compatibility of PP/PS. The MMT nanoparticles had clear intercalation and/or exfoliation structures and were located mostly at the interface of PP/PS. It was found that the intercalation and exfoliation of MMT was finished under the synergy of interfacial interaction and tensile deformation so that we called the mechanism as “MMT exfoliation mechanism induced by synergy of interface and tensile deformation”. The rheological analysis showed that incorporation of MMT led to an increase in complex viscosity to an optimum level (5 wt%), after which any further increase in MMT concentration decreased the complex viscosity. Moreover, the degree of crystallinity of blends was controlled by the heterogeneous nucleation effect of MMT and the inhibition effect of PS. 相似文献
The properties of polymer matrix composites are related not only to the chemical composition of the materials but also to the processing equipment used for their preparation which has a direct influence on the microstructure of the composites. In this paper polypropylene (PP)/multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) nanocomposites were prepared by melt blending through a self-developed, eccentric rotor extruder (ERE). The structure and elongational deformation mechanism of an ERE were described in detail. The morphological, rheological, thermal and mechanical properties of the resulting PP/MWCNTs nanocomposites were investigated. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and rheological analysis showed that the MWCNTs were well dispersed in the PP matrix. The thermal stability was investigated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and indicated that the addition of MWCNTs could effectively improve the thermal stability of pure PP. The percentage of crystallinity and tensile strength of the composites were improved as a result of the heterogeneous nucleation effect of the MWCNTs in the PP matrix. The research results revealed that the enhancement of the properties of PP/MWCNTs composites could be attributed to a better dispersion of the MWCNTs in the matrix as compared to samples prepared by conventional extrusion. 相似文献