涡轮叶片前缘阵列冲击冷却流动及传热特性数值研究

本文采用SST湍流模型模拟了类前缘通道内蒸汽射流阵列冲击冷却的流动与传热特性,分析了雷诺数(Re=10000~50000)、孔径比(d/H=0.5~0.9)和孔间距比(S/H=2~6)对流动及传热性能的影响规律,得到了相应的传热和摩擦关联式。结果表明:在不同雷诺数下,d/H从0.5到0.9变化时,通道压力损失系数降低了76%~79%,靶面平均努塞尔数降低了45%~49%;S/H从2增至6时,通道压力损失系数增加了1.64~1.92倍,靶面平均努塞尔数增加了54%~64%;增大d/H、减小S/H可有效提高类前缘通道蒸汽冲击冷却的综合热力系数。本文研究结果可为未来先进燃气轮机高温涡轮叶片蒸汽冷却结构的设计提供参考和借鉴。     

大型转子—基础—土壤系统的动力分析

本文对大型汽轮发电机组-基础-土壤系统采用模态综合技术进行了动力分析.用弹性半空间理论建立土壤的模型,基础底板则通过弹性薄板的李兹(Ritz)函数近似解的形式来描述.用三维梁单元来建立基础底板以上的框架结构和转子系统的运动方程.此外,还用模态应变能的相对大小,在这种复杂机械结构系统存在的众多固有频率中,区分出哪些是属于主要为转子系统的固有频率,称为“重要振动固有频率”,以确定系统的临界转速.最后,对引进的一台500MW汽轮发电机组的动力特性进行了分析.     

汽轮机转子在气流力和油膜力作用下的非线性动力学特性

为了分析转子在油膜力和气流激振力共同作用下的非线性振动特性，本文以短轴承支撑的不平衡刚性对称Jeffcott转子系统为研究对象，首先分析转子在非稳态油膜力作用下的振动特性，然后分析转子在油膜力和气流激振力共同作用下的非线性振动特性。采用数值模拟的方法研究了系统的分岔和混沌特性，计算结果表明，考虑气流激振力和油膜力共同作用下的转子系统与仅考虑油膜力的转子系统相比，在相对进气速度v=30m／s时，随着无量纲转速ω的增加。二者都出现了周期运动和混沌运动多次交替出现的复杂运动特性，但是前者首次出现倍周期分岔和混沌运动时的转运提前，在定转速情况下，随着v的增大，系统最终在经历周期运动之后进入混沌运动，而且圆盘中心的最大振幅随着v的增大而增大。     

An engineering approach to blade designs for low to medium pressure rise rotor-only axial fans

Low to medium pressure rise axial fan equipment of the arbitrary vortex flow rotor-only type is widely used in industrial and commercial applications, with many of the installations and rotor designs being far from optimum. Complex computational methods exist for analyzing flows in, for example, high-speed axial flow compressors with multistage blade rows; however, the designers and manufacturers of low-speed, general-purpose axial flow fan equipment have been reluctant to embrace this technology. A simpler yet reliable design technique is presented that allows this category of ducted axial fan rotors, in the presence of swirl-free inlet flow, to be designed to achieve a specified duty with sufficient accuracy for engineering purposes. Practical blade design recommendations and limits, similar to those that exist for free vortex flow axial rotors, have been established for the arbitrary vortex flow rotor-only case.

The technique employs a straightforward engineering approach to arbitrary vortex flow axial fan rotor design, and the equation set can be solved by using relatively simple numerical methods. Estimates of pressure rise and shaft power characteristics for a proposed fan/rotor design can be computed and the design loop iterated until an acceptable set of blade parameters is identified. It is also possible to analyze the performance of an existing axial fan installation as a prelude to the design of a more efficient and effective replacement rotor.

Experimental data used in validating the design and analysis techniques are also presented. These data include comprehensive Cobra pressure probe surveys of local flow parameters downstream of three different low boss ratio, low solidity, arbitrary vortex flow rotors (all with circular arc camber line type blades) as well as fan performance characteristics for one of the experimental rotors configured as a direct-exhaust fan unit. Installation-dependent factors such as direct-exhaust losses and tip clearance effects are also examined. The analytical technique is shown to provide acceptable estimates of fan/rotor pressure rise performance and shaft power characteristics over a moderately wide range of blade angles and operating conditions.     

流道缩扩比对1+1/2对转涡轮高压动叶性能影响的研究

本文以1+1/2对转涡轮为背景,采用理论分析与数值模拟相结合的方法对某1+1/2对转涡轮高压动叶进行了优化设计.研究结果表明,流道缩扩比对高出口马赫数涡轮叶栅性能有重要影响,合理的流道缩扩比能减弱甚至消除尾缘内伸波,从而提升叶栅的性能.文中综合考虑了叶栅流道周向以及径向两个方向的扩张因素后选择了叶栅流道缩扩比,进行1+...     

叶片锯齿尾缘对降低空调室外机气动噪声影响的试验研究

依据现有的叶片尾迹宽度计算公式,计算了一空调室外机风机叶片的尾迹宽度,然后,以此尾迹宽度为参考基准,设计了两组不同形状和大小的锯齿形叶片尾缘,制作并试验研究了锯齿形尾缘对风机气动噪声的影响规律。结果表明,锯齿尾缘有明显降噪效果,正弦形锯齿较正三角形更好。锯齿尾缘通过降低宽频噪声降噪,而对离散噪声影响很小。采用与叶片尾迹...     

Application of Volterra and Wiener Theories for Nonlinear Parameter Estimation in a Rotor-Bearing System

Volterra and Wiener theories provide the concepts of linear,bilinear, tri-linear, etc., kernels, which upon convolution with theexcitation force, can be employed to represent the response of anonlinear system. Based on these theories, higher-order frequencyresponse functions (FRFs) are employed to estimate the nonlinearstiffness of rolling element bearings, supporting a rigid rotor. Therotor-bearing assembly is idealized as a single-degree-freedom system,with cubic nonlinearity. The analysis involves a third-order kernelrepresentation of the system response. The first and third-order kerneltransforms are extracted from the measurements of the appliedwhite-noise excitation and the resultant response. A third-order kernelfactor is synthesized from this first-order kernel and is processedalong with the third-order kernel for estimation of the nonlinearparameter. Damping is assumed to be linear in the analysis. Theprocedure is demonstrated through measurements on a laboratory test rig.     

两种透平叶栅三维流动的计算分析

本文以数值手段分析研究两种不同叶片造型的三维环形叶棚内的定常粘性流动及损失情况，数值方法采用三维可压缩粘性流动压力校正其法求解N－S方程及k－ε双方程湍流模型．新一代透平叶片型线设计与传统叶片型线的差别在于叶片型线的后部加载特性．本文通过计算分析了这种后加载叶片与传统加教叶片应用于汽轮机时对控制三级叶栅损失与二次流发展的作用．     

化纤切割过程中切断刀的磨损性能研究

利用自制小型短纤维切断试验装置模拟涤纶短纤维的切割加工过程,采用台式投影仪测量切断刀刃口的线磨损量,采用扫描电子显微镜观察刃口和刃面的磨损表面形貌,采用傅立叶变换红外-拉曼光谱仪分析刃口磨损表面转移膜的性质,并采用顺磁共振仪分析了纤维切断前后自由基的含量.结果表明:切割涤纶半消光纤维时,高速钢刀片的磨损很快,主要磨损机制为纤维中TiO2粒子的磨粒磨损;硬质合金刀片的磨损缓慢,其磨损主要是由于刃口上高分子转移膜脱落引起的.