The Determination of 222Rn in Drilling Fluids of the KTB Pilot Borehole Using SSNTD Techniques

²²²Rn dissolved in drilling fluids of the KTB (Kontinentales Tiefbohrprogramm der Bundesrepublik Deutschland) pilot hole has been determined using solid state nuclear track detector (SSNTD) technique:The α-sensitive SSNTD CR-39 was used to measure the a-activity of ²²²Rn. Well-defined conditions for Rn-measurements could be established by employing a mica nuclear track microfilter to separate the detector containing air volume from the volume containing the water. This technique has been applied to determine quantitatively the ²²² Rn-concentration as a function of depth of the borehole down to 4000 m.     

激光诱导击穿光谱技术对火成岩岩性的高精度识别

在石油勘探领域,细碎岩屑样品的岩性识别,特别是物性接近的火成岩的高精度识别是地质学的难题之一。针对这一问题,提出了一种基于激光诱导击穿光谱技术(LIBS)元素分析和全碱-硅(TAS)图版的新方法。利用自主搭建的LIBS系统,首先通过对比实验,系统的研究了脉冲能量、采集延时、采集方式、预燃对光谱信号的影响,确定了对火成岩样品元素分析的最佳条件：脉冲能量50 mJ,采集延时2 μs,采集同一样品表面20个不同点的光谱积分平均,并通过实验证明了预燃的样品处理方式不适合火成岩样品,有效提高了样品检测光谱数据的重复性。随后确定了火成岩岩性识别常用7种元素(钠镁铝硅钾钙铁)的特征谱线,定性分析和比较了不同岩性的火成岩样品;利用已知元素含量的国标系列岩石样品信息,生成了钠、硅、钾的定标曲线,线性相关系数均大于0.9,并利用国标岩石样品考察了定量分析的准确性;利用定标曲线法定量分析了火成岩样品的元素含量,并采用TAS图版法识别火成岩的岩性,准确率达90.7%。研究表明,LIBS技术能够有效实现火成岩岩性的高精度识别。     

ICP—AES法测定岩石中Ni,Na,V,B,Cu,Fe

对ＩＣＰ－ＡＥＳ法测定岩石中Ｎｉ,Ｎａ,Ｖ,Ｂ,Ｃｕ,Ｆｅ等元件的方法进行了研究,对仪器的工作参数和共存元素的干扰进行了探讨,采用加基体的标准系列,建立了工作曲线,直接测定岩石中各元素的含量,得到了较好的测定结果。     

Postdiagenetic Changes in Kerogen Properties and Type by Bacterial Oxidation and Dehydrogenation

A significant part of organic carbon found on the earth is deposited as fossil organic matter in the lithosphere. The most important reservoir of carbon is shale rocks enriched with organic matter in the form of kerogen created during diagenesis. The purpose of this study was to analyze whether the bacterial communities currently inhabiting the shale rocks have had any impact on the properties and type of kerogen. We used the shale rock located on the Fore-Sudetic Monocline, which is characterized by oil-prone kerogen type II. We were able to show that shale rock inhabited by bacterial communities are characterized by oxidized and dehydrated kerogen type III (gas-prone) and type IV (nonproductive, residual, and hydrogen-free). Bacterial communities inhabiting shale rock were dominated by heterotrophs of the Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, and Actinobacteria phyla. Additionally, we detected a number of protein sequences in the metaproteomes of bacterial communities matched with enzymes involved in the oxidative metabolism of aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons, which may potentially contribute to the postdiagenetic oxidation and dehydrogenation of kerogen. The kerogen transformation contributes to the mobilization of fossil carbon in the form of extractable bitumen dominated by oxidized organic compounds.     

岩石微观结构CT扫描表征技术研究

岩石微观结构特征研究对非常规油气藏的演化规律、油气赋存状态、运移方式、渗流特征等基础地质问题研究具有重要的科学意义.利用CT 扫描技术对油砂、致密砂岩和页岩样品微观结构表征研究,并对比了常规测试方法与CT扫描表征技术的差异性. 对比CT扫描法和筛分法测试油砂矿物的粒度分布,两者结果十分接近,矿物颗粒大小分布总体趋势上差异小,但小于96μm的颗粒矿物分布差异性稍大.CT扫描结果显示致密砂岩样品的裂缝比较发育,还发育溶蚀孔隙. 由于测试方法和样品大小的差异性,CT扫描获得的孔隙度略大于氦气法孔隙度.微米CT 扫描可以表征页岩的层理发育情况,但无法表征内部的微观孔隙结构.与常规测试方法相比,纳米CT 扫描表征页岩中有机质和黄铁矿的含量等方面准确性好,但孔隙度测试结果偏小.纳米CT分辨率还不能完全满足表征页岩的微观孔隙结构的要求,同时有机质和孔隙的灰度值差异较小,两者区分难度大,因此纳米CT还无法完全准确表征页岩微观孔隙结构.      

电感耦合等离子体质谱（ICP-MS）法测定碳质板岩样品中铂族元素

碳质板岩属黑色岩系,与多种金属(包括贵金属)成矿有密切的联系。按照常规的分析方法,硫镍试金溶剂配方都不能对贵金属元素有较好的富集,影响贵金属元素的测定。根据石墨岩中样品的成份特征,对测定铂族元素的常规硫镍试金配方进行了改进,增加了硝酸钾和氧化镁,且无需加入锇稀释剂。通过实验选择了合适比例配料,熔融后粉碎镍扣,加入盐酸分解,碲共沉淀剂富集。过滤沉淀用王水溶解。用电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)法测定,Lu作内标,对碳质板样品中的铂族元素进行了测定。结果表明,加标回收率为85%～105%,能够满足碳质板岩中铂族元素的分析测定要求。     

Study on methane fermentation and production of vitamin B12 from alcohol waste slurry

We studied biogas fermentation from alcohol waste fluid to evaluate the anaerobic digestion process and the production of vitamin B₁₂ as a byproduct. Anaerobic digestion using acclimated methanogens was performed using the continuously stirred tank reactor (CSTR) and fixed-bed reactor packed with rock wool as carrier material at 55°C. We also studied the effects of metal ions added to the culture broth on methane and vitamin B₁₂ formation. Vitamin B₁₂ production was 2.92 mg/L in the broth of the fixed-bed reactor, twice that of the CSTR. The optimum concentrations of trace metal ions added to the culture liquid for methane and vitamin B₁₂ production were 1.0 and 8 mL/L for the CSTR and fixed-bed reactor, respectively. Furthermore, an effective method for extracting and purifying vitamin B₁₂ from digested fluid was developed.     

Fluorine and chlorine behavior in chlorine-rich volcanic rocks from White Island, New Zealand

Extraordinarily high chlorine-bearing volcanic bombs were erupted from White Island volcano on January 25, 1987. The concentrations of fluorine and chlorine were measured in these paralava bombs and their likely parent rocks. The paralavas contain glass with over 1.0 wt.% and up to 1.7% of chlorine. The F/Cl ratios and their relationship with other constituents show that the fluorine and chlorine in the bombs were derived from hydrothermal fluid, most likely concentrated brine in an active Crater Pool.     

磷矿及磷肥中氧化钙测定方法改进

为了解决磷矿及磷肥中氧化钙酸溶不完全和消除测定过程中磷酸根、镁、铁等的干扰,对磷矿和磷肥中氧化钙的测定方法进行改进.对不同酸溶解体系选择、酸用量、加热时间、干扰掩蔽实验、pH值等条件进行实验,确定采用10 mL王水、3 mL氢氟酸分解试样,加入2 mL盐酸溶解盐类,加入10 mL糊精和5 mL三乙醇胺溶液掩蔽Mg2+、...     

公路隧道围岩稳定性评价的改进人工神经网络方法

本文运用改进的人工神经网络方法 ,研究了公路隧道围岩稳定性的评价定级问题 .首先讨论了模型建立和算法选择与分析 ,并对实际的工程问题进行了计算和模拟 .所得的评价定级结果接近于实际 ,计算方法可靠 ,计算时间适中 ,方法稳定性良好 .本文的研究结果表明 ,利用人工神经网络方法评价隧道围岩的稳定性具有广阔应用前景 .