基于核岭回归方法的恒星大气物理参数的自动测量

我国大科学工程项目LAMOST巡天计划每观测夜能获取多达数万条天体光谱数据,天文学家通过对天体光谱的分析观察可以获取有效的天文信息用于天文学或天体物理学的研究。而针对海量数据,寻找自动方法分析天体光谱并进行天体各种物理参数的测量就具有重要研究意义和价值。这一课题也吸引了许多学者进行研究,但目前所尝试的算法和相应结果仍然需要进一步改进,针对这一需求深入研究了核岭回归(KRR)方法在恒星大气物理参数(包括有效温度、表面重力和金属丰度)自动测量方面的应用,特别是在我国大科学工程项目LAMOST所释放光谱数据上的应用。核岭回归是岭回归算法的进一步发展,而岭回归是最小二乘方法的一种变形,其具有解决高维多重共线性问题的能力。所以KRR方法适合于处理高维的天体光谱信息,从LAMOST的第五期释放数据中随机选择了2万条被识别为恒星的光谱数据用于实验测试,该数据既包含低信噪比数据,也包含高信噪比数据(g,r,i波段平均信噪比最低至6.7,最高到793)。首先,本文对光谱进行预处理,包括三个步骤:(1)利用小波变换对光谱数据进行去噪处理;(2)因为LAMOST采用的是后期修正的流量定标设计,所以还通过流量归一化来避免部分光谱流量值不准确的问题;(3)由于每条光谱维数高达数千维,利用主成分分析方法(PCA)对光谱进行了降维。然后,利用KRR方法建立了光谱数据和标准化后的三大参数值之间的回归模型。最后,通过设计进行不同的组合实验对KRR算法模型进行了测试分析,并与经典算法支持向量回归(SVR)进行了对比。综合所有实验结果显示KRR方法对应的有效温度、表面重力和金属丰度的测试平均绝对误差分别为82.9897 K,0.1858 dex和0.1211 dex,优于SVR的144.2308 K,0.1886 dex和0.1246 dex。特别是KRR在温度测试结果上有较大优势,由此表明KRR方法能够有效地应用于天体光谱特别是恒星光谱参数的自动测量处理中。     

An examiniation of criticisms of ridge regression simulation methodology

Page1 (1981) claimed that there is a serious design flaw in some of the recent simulation studies of ridge estimators, in particular those in Hoerl, Kennard and Baldwin (1976) and Lawless and Wang (1976). Farebrother (1983) argued that the major criticism in Page1 (1981) is unsubstantiated. In this paper we obtain a series expansion for the mean squared error of the ordinary ridge estimator, use it to prove that Pagel's claim is incorrect and reinforce Farebrother's comments.     

掺杂LaF3∶Er,Yb纳米颗粒的有机无机复合型平面光波导放大器的制备及增益测试

采用油酸修饰的铒镱共掺氟化镧纳米颗粒掺杂的有机-无机杂化材料做为光波导放大器的有源层,同时采用光学性质良好的甲基丙烯酸甲酯-甲基丙烯酸环氧丙酯共聚物制作光波导的上下包层,首先说明了芯层材料不能刻蚀制备传统矩形波导的原因,其次设计了一种倒脊结构的平面光波导放大器,并采用蒸镀铝掩膜、紫外光刻和反应离子刻蚀等工艺,制备出放大器的样品,同时对样品端面进行了化学机械抛光处理,在信号光（1 550 nm）功率为1 mW的条件下,在1.9 cm长度的波导上获得了3.2 dB的相对增益.     

岭参数又一确定方法的推广

对确定岭参数的方法进行了推广,给出了一种新的逐步改进岭参数κ的方法,这种方法能够通过调整岭参数来进一步减少岭估计的均方误差,并改进了Hoerl和Kennard的结果。     

Optimization based on quasi-Monte Carlo sampling to design state estimators for non-linear systems

State estimation for a class of non-linear, continuous-time dynamic systems affected by disturbances is investigated. The estimator is assigned a given structure that depends on an innovation function taking on the form of a ridge computational model, with some parameters to be optimized. The behaviour of the estimation error is analysed by using input-to-state stability. The design of the estimator is reduced to the determination of the parameters in such a way as to guarantee the regional exponential stability of the estimation error in a disturbance-free setting and to minimize a cost function that measures the effectiveness of the estimation when the system is affected by disturbances. Stability is achieved by constraining the derivative of a Lyapunov function to be negative definite on a grid of points, via the penalization of the constraints that are not satisfied. Low-discrepancy sampling techniques, typical of quasi-Monte Carlo methods, are exploited in order to reduce the computational burden in finding the optimal parameters of the innovation function. Simulation results are presented to investigate the performance of the estimator in comparison with the extended Kalman filter and in dependence of the complexity of the computational model and the sampling coarseness.     

SAS6.11版岭回归分析程序设计及其实例分析

应用岭回归分析可以解决自变量之间存在复共线性时的回归问题。本文给出了在SAS6.1 1及以上版本中实现岭回归分析的程序 ,用具体实例说明进行岭回归的方法     

基于连续小波变换的神经网络人脸识别研究

研究了基于连续小波变换的神经网络进行人脸识别的方法.介绍了小波分析的理论基础，详细讨论了根据小波变换系数的范数选取小波母函数的方法，根据小波脊线确定网络神经元个数的方法以及神经网络的初始化和参数训练方法.通过对人脸图像灰度的连续小波分析，神经网络的自组织自学习能力，调整连接权值和小波神经元的尺度、位移参数，完成人脸识别的任务.实验结果验证了该神经网络的识别性能明显优于用特征脸方法对相同人脸库进行的识别.     

Optimized wideband horn antenna for millimeter-wave spectroscopy applications

In the paper, an influence of antennas transmitting the electromagnetic wave to the sample cell of a millimeter-wave molecular spectrometer on the properties of the whole device is discussed. A conventional rectangular horn antenna is considered as the reference antenna, and a double ridge horn antenna is designed, modeled and optimized in order to improve parameters of the spectrometer potentially. A detailed comparison of the reference antenna and the double ridge horn shows that a wider frequency band can be covered by the designed antenna, but the gain achieved is lower.     

Two-dimensional field analysis of semiconductor lasers with small vertical beam divergence

Two-dimensional (2D) optical field distribution and the far-field patterns are analyzed for semiconductor lasers with small vertical beam divergence. The discrete spectral index method is used for the analysis and compared with other methods such as the effective index method. The discrete spectral index method is found to be much better in terms of accuracy and computation efficiency for the laser structures studied. Two laser structures with experimental counterparts are studied. The best beam aspect ratio ( <1.5) is achieved using the conventional ridge waveguide process. The calculated results compare very favorably with the experimental results. Simulations also reveal the guidelines for design of symmetric optical beam.     

Note on the theory of bifurcation of chemical reactions

In the present communication two existing definitions of valley ridge inflection, (VRI), point, one attributed to Valtazanos and Ruedenberg and the other one to Basilevsky are discussed. From our study we conclude that both definitions are not equivalent, and we demonstrate in which cases it occurs. However, they are used without any distinction in the bibliography. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2001