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761.
Hoebbel Dagobert Nacken Manfred Schmidt Helmut 《Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology》1998,12(3):169-179
The examination of hydrolysis, homo- and hetero-condensation reactions, of the condensation degree and the extent of epoxide ring opening in the course of sol-gel process was carried out by means of liquid- and solid-state 29Si and 13C NMR in the system 3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane (GPTS)-titaniumtetraethoxide-water (molar ratio 1 : 1 : 1.5–14) which is frequently used for the synthesis of heterometal hybrid polymers. The monomeric silanol groups in the GPTS-prehydrolysate immediately co-condense with the Ti-tetraethoxide to Si–O–Ti bonds to an extent of about 50–60% which remain stable in sols and also in the corresponding gels at low amounts of free water (0.02 H2O/OR) in the sol. An increasing amount of free water in the sol (0.12 H2O/OR) leads to an increased hydrolytic cleavage of the heterometal bonds and to the formation of homo-condensed polysiloxanes. The condensation degree of RSiO1.5 units in the Ti-containing sols is with 30–60% relatively high in comparison to Ti-free GPTS sols (ca. 5%) whereas the condensation degree of GPTS derived gels (81%) was found to be similar to that of the Ti-containing gels (60–80%). Ti-tetraethoxide accelerates the ring opening reaction of the epoxide group in the sols in dependence on the water content. Up to 78% of the epoxide rings are opened after 24 h in the sol with the highest water content (2 H2O/OR). No epoxide rings can be detected in Ti-containing gels which derive from sols with an amount of free water of 0.12 H2O/OR. The results give a first insight into the different parallel reactions in this system and can contribute to more structure controlled syntheses of heterometal hybrid polymers. 相似文献
762.
Preparation and Properties of Soluble and Polysiloxane-Supported (Ether-Phosphine)ruthenium(II) Complexes Phosphine-modified Polysiloxanes of the type x SiO2 · [SiO3/2(CH2)6P(Ph)R] (x = 0 – 3, I–IV ) were prepared by hydrolytic condensation of (MeO)3Si(CH2)6P(Ph)R [ 1 ; R = CH2CH2OMe ( a ), CH2C4H7O ( b ), CH2C4H7O2 ( c ), Ph ( d )]. Crosslinking was achieved by cocondensation of 1 and Si(OEt)4. 2 SiO2 · [SiO3/2(CH2)6P(Ph)CH2CH2OMe] ( IIIa ) was investigated by means of 31P and 29Si CP-MAS-NMR-spectroscopy, especially in view of a quantification of silyl species which revealed the following ratios: T2:T4:Q2:Q3:Q4 = 76:158:48:135:82. Reaction of RuCl2(PPh3)3 with 3 moles of 1a gave fluxional RuCl2(P∩O)(P~O)2 ( 4a ). From its temperature dependent 31P{1H}-NMR spectrum the temperatures of coalescence and the corresponding activation enthalpies could be estimated at -25°C (46 kJ · mol?1) and +20°C (55 kJ · mol?1). Soluble 1a-d as well as their insoluble counterparts I-IV were treated with [RuCl2(CO)2]n to give all-trans-RuCl2(CO)2(PR3)2 ( 6 ). On heating (120°C) 6 could be transformed into isomeric cis, cis, trans-RuCl2(CO)2(PR3)2 ( 7 ). Decarbonylation occurred on irradiation of 6 . Polysiloxane-supported ruthenium complexes were proved to be active in the heterogeneous hydrogenation of crotonaldehyde. Thus, at p(H2) = 50 bat, T = 120°C, reaction time = 190 min, and at a molar ratio of aldehyde: Ru = 250:1, all-trans-RuCl2(CO)2(P~O)2 ( 6f , O,P = IIIa ) effected a conversion of 50%, crotyl alcohol being formed in comparatively high selectivities. Moreover, no loss of metal or ligand from the support could be observed. 相似文献
763.
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (NMR) has been used on several occasions to investigate the biodurability of silicone
elastomers used in silicone breast implants. In all of these cases conclusions have been convoluted by lack of sensitivity.
We have improved the sensitivity of solid state NMR characterizations of silicone elastomers used in silicone breast implants
by changing the physical state of the elastomer. This was achieved by cooling the sample to −90 ∘C, below its crystalline transition temperatures, and acquiring 29Si Cross Polarization MAS (CPMAS) NMR. This approach yielded signal to noise enhancements as high as 8.5 fold for the elastomer
backbone and modest improvements for (CH3)2RSiO1/2 and silica filler signals. 相似文献
764.
765.
D. Belko Garba 《Bulletin des Sciences Mathématiques》2003,127(10):845-857
Let be a holomorphic foliation with reduced singularities on a complex surface M and a real analytic codimension one foliation on M whose leaves contain the ones of . We show that a Levi flat group of diffeomorphisms of is resoluble and holomorphically conjugate to his normal form. We deduce, in one hand, that each singularity of is conjugate to his normal form. In the other hand at each singularity m of , where is not defined, up a conjugacy, by the one form ω=xdy+ydx, one of the local invariant curves of , with non obvious holonomy, is contained in the set of singularities of . Moreover if M is a compact Stein variety we show, under some generic conditions, that has a 1-Liouvillian first integrating factor. 相似文献
766.
In this paper abelian function fields are restricted to the subfields of cyclotomic function fields. For any abelian function field K/k with conductor an irreducible polynomial over a finite field of odd characteristic, we give a calculating formula of the relative divisor class number of K. And using the given calculating formula we obtain a criterion for checking whether or not the relative divisor class number is divisible by the characteristic of k. 相似文献
767.
768.
769.