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11.
Bo Jin Xi Wang Jing Chen Feng Zhang Xinli Cheng Zhijun Chen 《Applied Surface Science》2006,252(16):5627-5631
The oxidation of SiGe film epitaxial grown on top of SOI wafers has been studied. These SiGe/SOI samples were oxidized at 700, 900, 1100 °C. Germanium atoms were rejected from SiGe film to SOI layer. A new Si1−xGex (x is minimal) layer formed at SiGe/Si interface. As the germanium atoms diffused, the new Si1−xGex (x is minimal) layer moved to Si/SiO2 interface. Propagation of threading dislocation in SiGe film to SOI substrate was hindered by the new SiGe/Si interface. Strain in SOI substrate transferred from SiGe film was released through dislocation nucleation and propagation inner. The relaxation of SiGe film could be described as: strain relaxed through strain equalization and transfer process between SiGe film and SOI substrates. Raman spectroscopy was used to characterize the strain of SiGe film. Microstructure of SiGe/SOI was observed by transmission electron microscope (TEM). 相似文献
12.
Laurent Gosse. 《Mathematics of Computation》2002,71(238):553-582
This paper investigates the behavior of numerical schemes for nonlinear conservation laws with source terms. We concentrate on two significant examples: relaxation approximations and genuinely nonhomogeneous scalar laws. The main tool in our analysis is the extensive use of weak limits and nonconservative products which allow us to describe accurately the operations achieved in practice when using Riemann-based numerical schemes. Some illustrative and relevant computational results are provided.
13.
Dalila B. M. M. Fontes Eleni Hadjiconstantinou Nicos Christofides 《Journal of Global Optimization》2006,34(1):97-125
In this paper we obtain Lower Bounds (LBs) to concave cost network flow problems. The LBs are derived from state space relaxations
of a dynamic programming formulation, which involve the use of non-injective mapping functions guaranteing a reduction on
the cardinality of the state space. The general state space relaxation procedure is extended to address problems involving
transitions that go across several stages, as is the case of network flow problems. Applications for these LBs include: estimation
of the quality of heuristic solutions; local search methods that use information of the LB solution structure to find initial
solutions to restart the search (Fontes et al., 2003, Networks, 41, 221–228); and branch-and-bound (BB) methods having as
a bounding procedure a modified version of the LB algorithm developed here, (see Fontes et al., 2005a). These LBs are iteratively
improved by penalizing, in a Lagrangian fashion, customers not exactly satisfied or by performing state space modifications.
Both the penalties and the state space are updated by using the subgradient method. Additional constraints are developed to
improve further the LBs by reducing the searchable space. The computational results provided show that very good bounds can
be obtained for concave cost network flow problems, particularly for fixed-charge problems. 相似文献
14.
Given a principal value convolution on the Heisenberg group Hn = Cn×R, we study the relation between its Laguerre expansion and the Fourier-Bessel expansion of its limit on Cn. We also calculate the Dirichlet kernel for the Laguerre expansion on the group Hn. 相似文献
15.
We establish a relation between stable distributions in probability theory and the fractional integral. Moreover, it turns out that the parameter of the stable distribution coincides with the exponent of the fractional integral. It follows from an analysis of the obtained results that equations with the fractional time derivative describe the evolution of some physical system whose time degree of freedom becomes stochastic, i.e., presents a sum of random time intervals subject to a stable probability distribution. We discuss relations between the fractal Cantor set (Cantor strips) and the fractional integral. We show that the possibility to use this relation as an approximation of the fractional integral is rather limited. 相似文献
16.
林正炎 《数学物理学报(B辑英文版)》2003,23(3)
Let {X_n, n≥1} be a strictly stationary sequence of random variables, whichare either associated or negatively associated, f(·) be their common density. In this paper,the author shows a central limit theorem for a kernel estimate of f(·) under certain regularconditions. 相似文献
17.
Chin-Tsang Chiang Mei-Cheng Wang 《Annals of the Institute of Statistical Mathematics》2004,56(1):87-100
This paper proposes kernel estimation of the occurrence rate function for recurrent event data with informative censoring.
An informative censoring model is considered with assumptions made on the joint distribution of the recurrent event process
and the censoring time without modeling the censoring distribution. Under the validity of the informative censoring model,
we also show that an estimator based on the assumption of independent censoring becomes inappropriate and is generally asymptotically
biased. To investigate the asymptotic properties of the proposed estimator, the explicit form of its asymptotic mean squared
risk and the asymptotic normality are derived. Meanwhile, the empirical consistent smoothing estimator for the variance function
of the estimator is suggested. The performance of the estimators are also studied through Monte Carlo simulations. An epidemiological
example of intravenous drug user data is used to show the influence of informative censoring in the estimation of the occurrence
rate functions for inpatient cares over time. 相似文献
18.
Jenn‐Long Liu 《国际流体数值方法杂志》2004,44(12):1299-1315
This paper presents a relaxation algorithm, which is based on the overset grid technology, an unsteady three‐dimensional Navier–Stokes flow solver, and an inner‐ and outer‐relaxation method, for simulation of the unsteady flows of moving high‐speed trains. The flow solutions on the overlapped grids can be accurately updated by introducing a grid tracking technique and the inner‐ and outer‐relaxation method. To evaluate the capability and solution accuracy of the present algorithm, the computational static pressure distribution of a single stationary TGV high‐speed train inside a long tunnel is investigated numerically, and is compared with the experimental data from low‐speed wind tunnel test. Further, the unsteady flows of two TGV high‐speed trains passing by each other inside a long tunnel and at the tunnel entrance are simulated. A series of time histories of pressure distributions and aerodynamic loads acting on the train and tunnel surfaces are depicted for detailed discussions. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
19.
P. Murzyn C. R. Pidgeon P. J. Phillips J. -P. Wells N. T. Gordon T. Ashley J. H. Jefferson T. M. Burke J. Giess M. Merrick B. N. Murdin C. D. Maxey 《Physica E: Low-dimensional Systems and Nanostructures》2004,20(3-4):220
We have made direct pump–probe measurements of spin lifetimes in long wavelength narrow-gap semiconductors at wavelengths between 4 and 10 μm and from 4 to 300 K. In particular, we measure remarkably long spin lifetimes, τs300 ps, even at 300 K for epilayers of degenerate n-type InSb. In this material the mobility is approximately constant between 77 and 300 K, and we find that τs is approximately constant in this temperature range. In order to determine the dominant spin relaxation mechanism we have investigated the temperature dependence of τs in non-degenerate lightly n-type Hg0.78Cd0.22Te of approximately the same band gap as InSb, and find that τs varies from 356 ps at 150 K to 24 ps at 300 K. Our results, both in magnitude and temperature dependence of τs, imply that the Elliott–Yafet model dominates in these materials. 相似文献
20.
We report a comprehensive analyzes of the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) absorption and Raman scattering data on the structural and vibrational properties of dilute ternary GaAs1−xNx,[GaP1−xNx] (x<0.03) alloys grown on GaAs [GaP] by metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) and solid source molecular beam epitaxy (MBE). By using realistic total energy and lattice dynamical calculations, the origin of experimentally observed N-induced vibrational features are characterized. Useful information is obtained about the structural stability, vibrational frequencies, lattice relaxations and compositional disorder in GaNAs (GaNP) alloys. At lower composition (x<0.015) most of the N atoms occupy the As [P] sublattice {NAs[NP]}—they prefer moving out of their substitutional sites to more energetically favorable locations at higher x. Our results for the N-isotopic shifts of local mode frequencies compare favorably well with the existing FTIR data. 相似文献