流线型轴对称钝体尾迹特性及其声激励控制

在Ｒｅ＝３．０×１０３～１．０×１０５的范围内实验研究了流线型轴对称钝体尾迹特性，并采用声激励手段对尾迹进行控制．研究表明，自然状态下流线型轴对称钝体尾涡无量纲脱落频率在Ｒｅ＝５．０×１０４～１．０×１０５的范围内具有普适性，适当频率的声激励可以减小回流区，该结果对工程减阻具有实际应用价值．实验中脉冲热线的成功应用为复杂流场的测量提供了新的技术手段．     

复合材料层合板的HOFFMAN塑性区尺寸因子

本文在Hoffman强度准则的基础上,采用复合材料层合板第K层中心穿透裂纹尖端附近的应力分量,得到一个计算复合材料层合板Hoffman塑性区尺寸因子的公式.     

Experimental study on thermocapillary convection

In the present paper, the experimental studies on thermocapillary convection are reviewed. The author‘s interest is mainly focused on the onset of oscillatory thermocapillary convection,the features of oscillatory flow pattern, and the critical Marangoni number related with temperature and free surface oscillation. The coordinated measurement in a microgravity environment of a drops haft is also addressed.     

工程开挖的结构效应与防治对策──以兰州西郊滑坡为例

开挖引起的滑坡作用不仅取决于斜坡带本身的地质结构,更取决于工程开挖与斜坡地质结构相互作用,因此科学地工程开挖可以避免这类地质灾害的发生。本文以2001年7月1日发生在兰州西郊白垩系砂岩顺层山坡上天然气长输管道管沟深开挖引起的岩层滑动和由此造成的兰州市煤气管道大变形问题为例,揭示了层间剪切带的工程开挖效应和对边坡稳定性的控制作用,总结了此类地质灾害教训。     

基于自然单元法的轴对称结构极限上限分析

自然单元法是一种以自然邻近插值为试函数的新兴无网格数值方法,其形函数的计算不涉及矩阵求逆,也不需要任何人为参数。为了充分发挥自然单元法的优势,本文基于极限分析上限定理建立了轴对称结构极限上限分析的整套求解算法。轴对称结构的位移场由自然邻近插值构造,并且采用罚函数法处理材料的不可压条件。为了消除目标函数非光滑所引起的数值困难,采用逐步识别刚性区和塑性区,并对两者用不同方法进行处理。数值算例结果表明,本文提出的轴对称结构极限上限分析方法是行之有效的。     

土钉与复合土钉支护结构数值模拟对比分析

近几年来,复合土钉支护结构广泛应用于深基坑支护中。本文对一工程实例用SnEpFem土钉墙有限元数值分析软件,对土钉和预应力锚杆+土钉、微型桩+土钉、微型桩+预应力锚杆+土钉3种复合土钉支护结构的工作机制进行数值模拟,对比分析4种支护结构的坡面水平位移、坡顶沉降和沉降范围、坑底隆起、张拉区和塑性区范围等特点,发现:(1)与单纯土钉支护相比,复合土钉支护可以有效控制边坡变形,缩小边坡张拉区和塑性区范围,对提高边坡的稳定有利。(2)设置微型桩对坡面水平位移的控制比施加预应力的效果更好。(3)设置微型桩可以有效控制坡顶沉降,而施加预应力对坡顶沉降的影响很小。(4)4种支护结构对坑底隆起的影响趋势是一致的,量值变化很小。经过对比分析,在这一工程地质和水文地质条件下,最可靠的复合土钉支护结构是微型桩+预应力锚杆+土钉支护结构,该支护结构的变形、沉降以及张拉区和塑性区范围都是最小的,是最优的设计结构。     

Partial sliding along a planar crack weakened by the presence of fluid

Partial sliding along a infinite planar crack that is locally weakened by the presence of fluid is analyzed. Under uniformly applied normal and shear loads the crack surface generates non-uniform frictional resistance that has a local minimum within a penny-shaped fluid-filled domain. After the applied shear load reaches the resistance minimum a circular sliding zone initiates and then spreads around as the applied shear load is gradually increased. The primary focus of this work is to analyze sliding evolution as a function of the applied loads and the induced fluid pressure. The growth of the sliding zone is studied based on the criterion that shear stress intensity factors are zero along the zone boundary. An analytical relation between the radius of the sliding zone and the applied shear load is determined.     

不同韧性金属扩展裂纹尖端Gao—Hwang奇异场的实验研究

用云纹法和光学空间滤波技术,测量了六种不同应变硬化指数(n)的铝和铜金属材料双边裂纹,单向拉伸试件的扩展裂纹尖端三维位移场.利用试验得到的位移场,分析了位移奇异性,并与G-H 理论解进行了比较.由试验的位移场数据确定了理论解中两个待定常数A 和ε_■,给出了Ⅰ型、平面应力、幂硬化材料,扩展裂纹尖端奇异场的比较形式.在理论与试验位移场相差±10%的误差范围内,确定了试验的G-H 奇异场主导区范围、形状,并对结果进行了分析.试验表明:扩展裂纹尖端存在[ln(A/r)]~■奇异主导区.在本试验应变硬化指数为n=3.5→14的六种材料范围内,这个主导区形状由蝶形发展到扁圆或圆形.G-H 奇异主导区的尺寸和形状与材料、试件几何尺寸、外载形式有关.在G-H 场内部存在着三维变形区,裂纹尖端断裂过程区在此三维变形区内.随着外载荷不断增加,裂尖三维变形区内将出现典型的韧性损伤现象:首先在晶界或二相夹杂处,出现孔洞,然后孔洞逐渐长大,汇合,导致宏观裂纹扩展.载荷比较低时,在G-H 场外边还将有弹性场存在,随着载荷增加,G-H 场也在向外扩大.     

Diffractive Beam-Shaping Element for Generating Multiple Structured Beams with Distinct Spatial Structures

This paper presents a novel approach for generating structured light using a diffractive beam-shaping element that can generate multiple beams with distinct spatial structures in the focal plane. The element is constructed by restructuring a spiral zone plate with fork gratings, providing a tunable and controllable means for generating structured light. The element can create linear and 2D arrays of various structured beams, including vortices with adjustable charge and vorticity, petallike beams, and ring-lattice structures. To control the generation of these beams, it introduces several parameters of the fork gratings, enabling tailoring of the beam properties to specific applications. The proposed approach involves significant mathematical analysis, including the derivation of complex equations and expressions to understand the behavior of the proposed element and its impact on the generated beams. It conducts simulations and experiments to validate the mathematical analysis and demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed approach.     

岩体风化的综合分带研究

岩体的风化不仅会引起岩石物质成份、化学成份变化 ,而且也引起岩体裂隙、岩体完整性的改变。因而风化岩体中裂隙数量、岩体块度的变化与岩体的风化程度具有较好的对应关系。论文研究了用岩体裂隙间距、岩体的完整性指标、岩石质量指标对岩体风化程度进行分带 ,较好地将岩体风化分带与岩体结构、岩体工程特性紧密地结合起来。在岩体风化程度的定量划分上作了新的探索。