刮擦线速度对TC4叶片与Ni-G封严涂层磨损行为的影响

利用高速刮擦试验机模拟了压气机叶片与封严涂层的刮擦行为,研究了TC4（钛合金）叶片材料与Ni-G（镍-石墨）封严涂层体系在线速度30~150 m/s范围内的磨损行为.通过对叶片样品端面及涂层样品磨痕的SEM-EDS、XPS分析和涂层样品磨痕表面的显微硬度测试,探讨了对摩体系的磨损机制.结果表明：随着线速度的增大,叶片样品的磨损率呈现先升后降的趋势;在低线速度下涂层样品致密化使叶片样品磨损轻微,中等线速度下叶片样品与涂层样品磨痕中高硬度转移层的刮擦造成叶片样品磨损加剧,高线速度下叶片样品端面较厚氧化膜减轻叶片材料向涂层的转移导致叶片样品磨损下降.     

袋型阻尼密封泄漏流动和转子动力特性的研究进展

袋型阻尼密封可以有效地减弱密封间隙内泄漏流体的周向流动, 从而使转子具有优良的动力特性. 本文简介了袋型阻尼密封的发展历程, 详细综述了袋型阻尼密封的泄漏和转子动力特性的理论分析、实验测量和数值预测的研究进展. 介绍了袋型阻尼密封转子动力特性的系统阻抗法和腔室动态压力响应法两种实验测试技术及其应用. 最后在袋型阻尼密封研究综述的基础上, 展望了袋型阻尼密封的研究重点和发展方向.      

THE ECONOMICS OF CONFLICTING INTERESTS: NORTHERN BALTIC SALMON FISHERY ADAPTION TO GRAY SEAL ABUNDANCE

The successful conservation of gray seals has led to increased seal‐induced damage to the Atlantic salmon fisheries of the Baltic Sea. This paper addresses the conflict between the conservation of a formerly endangered species, the gray seal, and professional fishermen, whose livelihoods are affected by both seal‐induced damage and salmon fisheries management. We develop a bioeconomic model that incorporates the age structure of Atlantic salmon and gray seal populations. To determine the social optimum, we maximize the discounted net present value of the trap net fishery, taking into account the presence of seals in the form of seal‐induced losses, which we describe using a damage function. By choosing the optimal combination of fishing gear over time, we obtain the socially optimal fishing efforts, salmon stock size, and salmon catch. In addition, we study the private effects of introducing a technology subsidy aimed at mitigating the seal‐salmon conflict. The results suggest that technological adaptation would effectively reduce the cause of the conflict, while a technology subsidy encouraging such adaptation would shift the economic responsibility from individual fishermen to the broader public.     

中古道教传授仪对汉代皇帝即位礼的仿拟与转化

策命与上刺作为汉代皇帝即位及道教经、戒、箓传授之启告程序,在神圣性获得方面具有共通的路径与知识来源;两种仪式过程中用于交接的信物−剑、玺与剑、印,作为“汉家”国祚与道教神权的物化象征,亦具有相似的神圣内涵;祭天郊庙与登坛告盟则反映了汉代皇帝即位及道教传授仪式,在最后的天命授接环节上的不同偏向。中古道教传授仪对汉代皇帝即位礼之承袭与转化的具体研究,为进一步把握道教的国家宗教性格及其与汉家的内在关系,理解中国古代宗教仪式与世俗礼仪之互动,提供了一个重要的观察角度与实例支撑。     

非接触式气体润滑密封变形的数值分析

针对离心泵用非接触式螺旋槽气体润滑密封，通过采用有限元法求解描述密封端面间气体流动的雷诺方程，计算了不同约束、不同结构的静密封环和配对动密封环的力变形、端面泄漏量、开启力及气膜刚度等参数，分析了变形对密封特性的影响．结果表明：密封环的力变形使得端面气膜形状大多呈发散型，约束对其变形大小具有重要影响，选择合适的约束可以减小密封面转角、提高气膜刚度、增强密封工作稳定性；变形对密封的开启力影响不大，但变形导致泄漏量增大，并明显改变气膜刚度。     

激光加工微凹坑轴表面对唇形密封泵吸及摩擦特性的影响

为了研究轴表面形貌对径向唇形密封泵吸作用及摩擦特性的影响,利用Nd:YAG固体脉冲激光对旋转轴表面进行微凹坑织构化处理,在油封密封试验机上,针对不同转速、不同表面形貌等工况,完成了一系列对比试验,获取了试验过程中的泵吸量、摩擦力以及密封圈温升等参数.并通过扫描电镜对试验后各密封唇表面进行了分析.结果表明:三角形微凹坑顶点朝向油液侧的表面能够增强泵吸作用,且转速对泵吸率影响很大,而其他形状和参数的微凹坑表面不利于泵吸作用的产生;与未织构面相比,圆形凹坑面积占有率为7%和21%的表面具有良好的减摩效果,三角形凹坑顶点沿周向的两表面间减摩效果较好.     

往复条件下织构表面的摩擦学性能研究

为研究往复运动条件下织构表面的润滑减摩性能,选取销-盘式摩擦副,考察了0%、7%、11%和20% 4种织构密度在不同的速度下对摩擦系数的影响规律。结果表明：表面织构的引入使摩擦副在较低的速度下进入流体润滑区域,扩大了流体润滑区域的范围,这与摩擦副在相对转动条件下的结论一致;处于流体润滑区域的织构表面的摩擦系数不一定小于同等工况条件下处于混合润滑区域的无织构表面的摩擦系数;当无织构表面处于流体润滑区域时,试验所涉及的同等工况条件下的不同织构密度表面反而增大了摩擦系数。研究结果也说明了在对表面织构进行摩擦学设计时,应当考虑摩擦副的运动形式因素。     

Determination of Zinc(II) by the Reactivation of the Apoenzymes of Alkaline Phosphatases from Diverse Sources

ABSTRACT

A sensitive and selective method for the determination of Zn(II) based on the reactivation of the apoenzymes of alkaline phosphatases from diverse sources: chicken intestine, seal slim intestine and Escherichia coli, has been developed. To obtain the apoenzymes, EDTA was selected as an effective inhibitor of alkaline phosphatases. In the presence of EDTA excess in the solution, the pseudo apoenzymes were obtained. Dialysis of the enzymes against the chelating agent resulted in obtaining inactive zinc-free apo-phosphatases (true apoenzymes). The reactivation of the pseudo- and true apoenzymes of alkaline phosphatases from various sources by zinc(II) was applied for its determination. The proposed procedures are highly sensitive (limit detection of Zn(II) = 0.3-0.4 ng ml^?1), selective (no other metals reactivate the apophosphatases from seal slim intestine and Escherichia coli), accurate, simple and rapid. The schemes of the mechanism of the reactivation effects are discussed.     

超导重力仪用液氦恒温器研制

介绍了一套超导重力仪用液氦恒温器,包括技术指标要求、总体结构、关键技术、试验步骤及结果.恒温器液氦消耗量为0.8L/h,真空腔体内部温度稳定度为±5mK,低温下真空腔体真空度优于5×10-4pa,各参数均优于技术指标要求,完全满足超导重力仪工作环境要求.表明该设计方案是合理的,试验流程是正确的.     

高速气流阻塞效应对倾斜微孔端面密封动压特性的影响

以倾斜椭圆微孔端面为研究对象,考虑出口阻塞效应和入口压力损失,对高速气流润滑密封动压特性展开理论研究.采用数值方法重点分析不同密封压力、转速等操作参数和端面宽度等几何参数以及方向因子、倾斜角、孔深及面积比等微孔几何参数下,阻塞效应对开启力和泄漏量等密封特性参数的影响规律.结果表明:入口压力损失使入口处压力降低,出口阻塞效应使出口处压力抬升,导致端面开启力和泄漏量降低.随着转速和密封压力的增加,阻塞效应增强,与强制压力边界下的值相比,当密封压力为10 MPa,转速为50 000 r/min时,开启力降低可达5%以上,泄漏量可降低67%以上.当孔深取2~4μm,微孔倾斜角取20°~40°时较易获得优异的动压开启性能.