电弧能量对浸金属碳滑板材料载流摩擦磨损性能的影响

在销盘式高速载流摩擦磨损试验机上,通过正交试验考查了电弧能量对浸金属碳滑板材料载流摩擦磨损性能的影响;利用统计学相关系数理论和非线性回归分析,对电弧能量与摩擦系数、比磨损率进行定量比较分析,发现电弧能量与摩擦系数间存在一定的相关性,并与比磨损率间存在幂函数的关系;借助扫描电子显微镜、能谱分析仪和X射线衍射仪结合摩擦表面宏观温度的测量,分别对销试样电弧侵蚀后的表面膜微观结构、相组成及磨屑进行分析.结果表明:电弧能量严重影响摩擦副的载流摩擦磨损性能;电弧热效应使得局部接触表面温度超过熔点,浸渗金属熔融渗出摩擦表面,并使基体碳气化沉积于摩擦盘上,使得电弧侵蚀机理表现为材料转移和熔融喷溅.     

红石河堰塞湖漫顶溃坝风险评估

四川省青川县红石河堰塞湖是2008年5月12日汶川大地震形成的34座大型堰塞湖之一,是由东河口滑坡堵塞红石河形成的。该堰塞体高度约50 m、宽度约250 m、顺河向长度约500 m、形成的最大库容约400万m3。本文作者对红石河堰塞体做了较详尽的现场试验,包括土的冲蚀试验、土的基本物性试验等。基于现场试验数据,对土的冲蚀性和漫顶溃坝风险做了详细的分析。结果显示,从土的抗冲蚀性角度考虑,只要有水溢出就会有土体被冲蚀,这说明红石河堰塞体的漫顶溃决可能性较高。本文还提出经验公式来预测红石河堰塞体漫顶的溃决时间,大约为4.5d,如果考虑到大石块对抗冲蚀稳定性的有利影响,这一数值会增大。此外,还研究了溃决深度随时间的变化规律。     

基于级联神经网络的实用型三维复合不变性多目标识别

以三 飞机模型作为待识别目标,模型真实场景,对用于多目标分类识别的级联神经网络重新进行了研究。实验发现畜产品上降的主要原因是实际采集的目标发生的复杂畸变与计算机模拟产生的效果并不一样。用采集得到的目标图像作为训练样本,对网络重新构造和训练,取得了好的实验结果。分析了其中涉及到目标定位、图像分割等图像预处理问题,提出了一种基于二值图像开矿学腐蚀运算的快速目标检测位法,可快速有效地对目标进行检测定 。     

气固两相边界层中拟序结构对壁面磨损的影响

本文由计算和实验首次说明在边界层入口处施加扰动能减轻固粒对壁面的磨损,而且加入扰动的强度越大,磨损量越小。该方法比壁面加肋条具有更好的抗磨效果,且负面作用较小,结论对工程应用有指导意义。     

Radiation Measurement of some Materials in Egypt after Chernobyl Accident

The publication shows the radiological measurements of rain water, cress, and milk before and after Chernobyl nuclear power accident. The measurements showed that Egyptian environment was affected by the accident, but the increase of radioactive contamination was small and below the permissible. The paper suggests methodological procedures for measuring the growth activity in the studied materials. It offers also a simplified diagram for automatic national radiological monitoring station to measure the environmental background radiation by a routine way for detection any increase of radioactivity rapidly. This station enables the responsibles to take rapid and optimum decisions in time to lessen the environmental radiological contamination.     

Organic Compounds In Cloud And Rain Water

Abstract

Cloud and rain water samples have been collected in spring 1991 in the Vosges mountains (France) and analyzed for aldehydes, phenols and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Both passive and active cloud collectors have been employed. A mean concentration of formaldehyde of 197 μg/l (6.6 μM) has been found in cloud water while on the average only 100 μg/l (3.3 μM) were observed in rain water. The average phenol concentration was 3.5 μg/l (37 nM), but only 1.6 μg/l (17 nM) in rain water. Finally, the mean concentration of PAHs (only determined in cloud water) amounts to 0.37 μg/l. The PAH profile is similar to that observed for rain water sampled in Hannover (Germany).     

Determination of rain attenuation parameters for free space optical link in tropical rain

Free space optics (FSO) is a promising communication technique for various types of services in the optical access network. Single beam FSO system in tropical rainy weather is vulnerable to atmospheric rain attenuation, so it is necessary to have precise power law parameters of rain attenuation in tropical regions. In this study, the power law parameters k, and α are estimated as 2.03 and 0.74, respectively for the FSO applications in tropical South-East Asian weather. These parameters were evaluated by using least square mean equation (LSME) method with Levenberg–Marquardt optimization based on the one year collected heavy rain data. The obtained parameter values for tropical weather are contributed to improve link performance for high-speed networks.     

Modelling of ions for seeding technique to electrify the atmosphere

There are number of ways in which weak electrification can affect the microphysics of clouds, with consequences for cloud lifetime, radiative properties, and precipitation efficiency. Kauffman [2011] suggested ions produced by direct current generators will add to and enhance the catalysing effects that cosmic ray ions are now known to produce in among other things, lowering nucleation barriers, stimulating charged particle growth and stability and increasing the scavenging rate in clouds. Thus to electrify the atmosphere ions can be generated artificially in abundance along with large electric field.Ions can be generated by the corona effect using Atmospheric electrifiers (a device used to generate negative ions) which makes use of corona discharge phenomenon to charge the air particles. Exact assessment of electric field and charge density distributions and the flow dynamics inside the electrifiers is essential to understand the particle behaviour inside the electrifiers.In this paper, a novel model of governing equations to evaluate the space charge density, electric field intensity and velocity of ionized airflow is suggested as a function of applied voltage. The Poisson and charge conservation equations are derived and hence can be used to estimate the electric field and charge density distributions. Navier stokes equation can be used to get the velocity of ionized airflow because of electric force on the air. Simulation is carried out to validate the proposed model and verify that velocity is function of input voltage and is proportional to it.     

Experimental studies on the rain noise of lightweight roofs: Natural rains vs artificial rains

Rain noise is often an unpleasant problem that disturbs people’s activities significantly in buildings with lightweight roofs, however, the existing researches are all based on artificial rains in laboratory, while the characteristics of natural rain noise as well as the relationship between actual rain noise and laboratory measurements still need to be explored to fulfill practical demands. This paper first presents two experiments on natural rain noise, revealing that rain intensity is the decisive factor of natural rain noise for heavy rains, and the A-weighted sound pressure level of rain noise caused by heavy rains is proportional to the logarithm of rain intensity. Furthermore, three more experiments on the rain noise with artificial rains are carried out, indicating that differences in rain intensities, fall heights and raindrop size distributions are the factors that cause significant deviation between actual rain noise and laboratory measurements. This total deviation as well as the deviations caused by each factor are then quantified. Finally, a method to predict the actual rain noise of a certain roof using laboratory measurement results is provided, which can be useful in real projects as an effective substitute of experiments using uncontrollable real rains.     

液滴与可变形固面撞击的二维非线性激波模型

在传统的关于液固撞击的激波理论模型中，引入矢量分析的方法，考虑到高速度撞击时，液体运动的迁移性和非线性效应，以及固体的可变形性，提出了一个适用于高撞击马赫数的无量纲激波理论模型。该模型能够计算出所有撞击参数，计算结果与实验数据吻合良好。模型所导出的计算方法物理意义明确，简明准确，适用范围宽广，且便于工程上制成图表查用。