强流脉冲电子束作用下金属锆的微观结构与应力状态

利用强流脉冲电子束 (HCPEB) 技术对金属纯锆进行表面处理, 采用X射线衍射, 扫描电子显微镜及透射电子显微镜详细分析了辐照诱发的表层微观结构和缺陷. X射线分析结果表明, HCPEB辐照后在材料表层诱发幅值为GPa量级的压应力, 并形成{0002}, {1012}, {1120}及{1013}织构. 表层微观结构观察表明, 与其他金属材料不同, HCPEB辐照在材料表层诱发的熔坑数量极少, 多次轰击甚至几乎没有表面熔坑的形成. 此外, 在快速的加热和冷却状态下, 在表面熔化层形成大量的超细晶粒结构, 同时诱发马氏体相变和强烈的塑性变形. 1次HCPEB辐照后表层内形成的变形微结构以位错为主, 孪晶数量较少; 5 次辐照样品的位错密度迅速增高, 孪晶数量也显著增加; 10次辐照后样品中的变形微结构以变形孪晶为主, 且出现二次孪晶现象. 表层晶粒内部变形的晶体学特征不仅决定了表层的织构演化行为, 而且还起到细化晶粒的作用, 为纯锆及锆合金表面强化提供了一条有效的途径. 关键词： 强流脉冲电子束 纯锆 微观结构 应力状态     

强流脉冲电子束辐照诱发多晶纯铝中的空位缺陷簇结构

利用强流脉冲电子束（HCPEB）技术对多晶纯铝样品进行辐照,采用透射电子显微镜详细分析了辐照诱发的空位簇缺陷.HCPEP辐照后,在辐照表层内形成了大量的四方形空位胞,其间包含位错圈和堆垛层错四面体（SFT）等类型的空位簇缺陷.1次辐照后,空位胞内产生空位型位错圈,5次辐照则主要产生SFT;10次辐照后,空位胞内产生的空位簇缺陷主要是位错圈,局部区域也观察到了SFT缺陷,在产生SFT的附近区域具有很低的位错密度或者几乎无位错出现.HCPEB辐照产生的瞬间加热和冷却诱发了幅值极大且应变速率极高的应力,这一因素 关键词： 强流脉冲电子束 多晶纯铝 空位簇缺陷 堆垛层错四面体     

Evolutionary insights on the willingness to communicate

While in previous models of pre-play communication players are forced to communicate, we investigate what happens if players can choose not to participate in this cheap talk. Outcomes are predicted by analyzing evolutionary stability in a population of a priori identical players. If the game following the communication rewards players who choose the same action then an efficient outcome is only guaranteed when participation in the pre-play communication is voluntary. If however players aim to coordinate on choosing different actions in the underlying game and there are sufficiently many messages then the highest payoff is selected when players are forced to talk to each other before playing the game. Received: September 2000/Revised: March 2003     

Optimized IR synchrotron beamline design

Synchrotron infrared beamlines are powerful tools on which to perform spectroscopy on microscopic length scales but require working with large bending‐magnet source apertures in order to provide intense photon beams to the experiments. Many infrared beamlines use a single toroidal‐shaped mirror to focus the source emission which generates, for large apertures, beams with significant geometrical aberrations resulting from the shape of the source and the beamline optics. In this paper, an optical layout optimized for synchrotron infrared beamlines, that removes almost totally the geometrical aberrations of the source, is presented and analyzed. This layout is already operational on the IR beamline of the Brazilian synchrotron. An infrared beamline design based on a SOLEIL bending‐magnet source is given as an example, which could be useful for future IR beamline improvements at this facility.     

On Pathwise Uniqueness of Stochastic Differential Equations Without Drift

We consider the stochastic differential equation: dX _t =(|X _t |)dB _t , where B is a Brownian motion and is a non-Hölder Borel function. A sufficient condition of pathwise uniqueness is given.     

Load-Carrying Capacity of Circular Plates Made of a Fiber-Reinforced Composite

The load-carrying capacity of circular plates made of a fiber-reinforced composite and loaded with axisymmetric transverse forces under axisymmetric boundary conditions is investigated. The plates can be freely supported or clamped along their contour. To the known yield condition used, in the plane of main bending moments, there correspond irregular hexagons, which depend on the mechanical properties of composite constituents and some characteristic geometrical parameters. It is shown that, depending on the ratio of ultimate radial and circumferential bending moments, in the plastic state, the circular plates (the central part of the clamped plates) take the form of a cone or a frustum of cone. For each of the cases, the limit load is found, which is a function of the above-mentioned mechanical parameters. The statically allowable fields of bending moments and the corresponding allowable fields of deflection rates are determined. The solutions found are exact. Special cases for the freely supported plates are analyzed, and the results obtained are presented in the form of graphs.__________Translated from Mekhanika Kompozitnykh Materialov, Vol. 41, No. 2, pp. 177–192, March–April, 2005.     

基于模糊PID的海洋立管疲劳试验装置控制系统设计

海洋立管作为海洋油气开发的关键设备,在运行期间面临疲劳失效的风险,需要对立管进行疲劳试验。针对海洋立管共振弯曲疲劳试验法,提出基于 S7-300 PLC实现海洋立管共振弯曲疲劳试验装置控制系统的设计思想。采用黄金分割法,寻找确定试件共振频率点;同时,为保障系统能够在该共振频率点稳定运行,采用S7-300 PLC作为核心控制器,结合参数自调节模糊PID控制算法,设计完成疲劳试验装置中转速模糊PID控制器,实现对系统转速的精确控制,使得海洋立管疲劳试验装置控制系统在具有PLC控制灵活、可靠性高等特点的同时,大大提高了其自动化程度。     

Polycapillary‐optics‐based micro‐XANES and micro‐EXAFS at a third‐generation bending‐magnet beamline

A focusing system based on a polycapillary half‐lens optic has been successfully tested for transmission and fluorescence µ‐X‐ray absorption spectroscopy at a third‐generation bending‐magnet beamline equipped with a non‐fixed‐exit Si(111) monochromator. The vertical positional variations of the X‐ray beam owing to the use of a non‐fixed‐exit monochromator were shown to pose only a limited problem by using the polycapillary optic. The expected height variation for an EXAFS scan around the Fe K‐edge is approximately 200 µm on the lens input side and this was reduced to ～1 µm for the focused beam. Beam sizes (FWHM) of 12–16 µm, transmission efficiencies of 25–45% and intensity gain factors, compared with the non‐focused beam, of about 2000 were obtained in the 7–14 keV energy range for an incoming beam of 0.5 × 2 mm (vertical × horizontal). As a practical application, an As K‐edge µ‐XANES study of cucumber root and hypocotyl was performed to determine the As oxidation state in the different plant parts and to identify a possible metabolic conversion by the plant.     

高压熔渗生长法制备金刚石聚晶中碳的转化机制研究

在6 GPa和1500 ℃的压力和温度范围内, 利用高压熔渗生长法制备了纯金刚石聚晶, 深入研究了高温高压下金刚石聚晶生长过程中碳的转化机制. 利用光学显微镜、X-射线衍射、场发射扫描电子显微镜检测, 发现在熔渗过程中金刚石层出现了石墨化现象, 在烧结过程中金刚石颗粒表面形貌发生了变化. 根据实验现象分析, 在制备过程中存在三种碳的转化机制: 1)金属熔渗阶段金刚石颗粒表面石墨化产生石墨; 2)产生的石墨在烧结阶段很快转变为填充空隙的金刚石碳; 3)金刚石直接溶解在金属溶液中, 以金刚石形式在颗粒间析出, 填充空隙. 本文研究碳的转化机制为在高温高压金属溶剂法合成金刚石的条件下(6 GPa和1500 ℃的压力和温度范围内)工业批量化制备无添加剂、无空隙的纯金刚石聚晶提供了重要的理论指导.     

弹-粘塑性梁的弯曲

给出矩形截面弹 粘塑性梁弯曲问题的求解方程,指出求解该方程的困难