绝缘环打火研究

绝缘问题是高电压、高场强器件和设备中不可回避的问题,是决定器件、设备运行参数和稳定性的重要因素。针对一台直线感应加速器调试中出现的加速腔绝缘环在带束负载情况下的真空沿面闪络现象,进行了分析和研究。分析表明,在排除设计、材料、加工、洁净和真空度等常规异常因素后,导致绝缘环真空沿面闪络的可能因素是电子在绝缘环表面的吸附和累积,绝缘环上累积的电子来源和加速器中加速、传输的电子束的丢失有关。从加速腔工作状态出发,分析绝缘环表面积累电荷和丢失电子束的相关途径,进而提出相应的技术措施,以提高加速腔运行稳定性。     

Two-dimensional magneto-thermoelastic interactions in a micropolar functionally graded solid

Abstract

The present work is concerned with the 2D deformation in a nonhomogeneous, isotropic, micropolar, magneto-thermoelastic medium in the context of Lord-Shulman theory as a result of an inclined load. The inclined load is supposed to be a linear combination of normal load and tangential load. Material properties are assumed to be graded in x-direction. Normal mode technique is proposed to obtain the analytical expressions for the temperature field, displacement components, and stresses. These are also calculated numerically and depicted graphically to observe the variations of the considered physical variables.

Communicated by Seonho Cho.     

Role of Bipolar Pulsed DBD on the Growth of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Microcystis aeruginosa</Emphasis> in Three-Phase Discharge Plasma Reactor

Algae in drinking water supplies often bring about impact on the water treatment. In this study, a bipolar pulsed dielectric barrier discharge system in three-phase discharge plasma reactor was constructed for investigating its ability to control excessive growth of cyanobacteria, Microcystis aeruginosa. Experimental results show there was almost no change in optical density immediately after the interruption of electrical discharge, but the decreasing trend of optical density, cell density and chlorophyll-a content was obvious during the incubation period, indicating a significant residual effect of electrical discharge process on the algal growth inhibition. Scanning electron microscopy investigation of algae revealed surface damage, apparent leakage of intracellular contents and pores formed after electrical discharge process, which showed that algal cells had no potential to survive and grow. Compared with the control sample, it was observed that electrical discharge on the algal extracellular products has almost no residual effect and the growth rate of algae slightly decreased before three days storage. Hydrogen peroxide was produced by electrical discharge in the μM level and showed a first-order decay. But at such level, the external addition of hydrogen peroxide alone is not likely to cause the residual effect. These results implicated that the growth inhibition of M. aeruginosa was mainly caused by electrical discharge process, and it made the algal cells lose ability to survive, demonstrating the considerable potential of such an alternative process for efficient water purification.     

沉淀剂和Ag含量变化对甲醛降解性能的影响

采用不同沉淀剂制备CeO₂-Co₃O₄复合金属氧化物载体,通过浸渍负载不同含量Ag获得Ag/CeO₂-Co₃O₄催化剂.借助氮气物理吸附、XRD、Raman和H₂-TPR等手段研究了催化剂的物理化学性质.结果表明：当WHSV=30 000 mL·g^-1·h^-1时,催化剂能表现出良好的催化氧化甲醛性能,在≤ 90℃时实现甲醛的完全转化.草酸沉淀能有效降低Ce-Co氧化物的结晶度,使得Co²⁺含量增加,提供更多的氧空位,促进了氧分子的活化与迁移,从而提高了催化活性.随着Ag含量增加,使得由草酸沉淀制备的Ag/CeO₂-Co₃O₄催化剂的活性增强,且金属与载体间的相互作用也增强,当Ag负载量为1%（重量百分比）时活性最佳.     

离子色谱脉冲安培法测定蜂蜜中的葡萄糖、果糖、蔗糖

利用离子色谱脉冲安培检测器对蜂蜜中葡萄糖、果糖、蔗糖的测定方法进行了研究。采用CARBOPAC^TM PAl分离柱和脉冲安培检测器,对淋洗分离条件进行了实验,选择50mmol/L NaOH作淋洗液,可使蜂蜜中的葡萄糖、果糖、蔗糖很好地分离。检出限分别为：葡萄糖2μg/kg,果糖2μg/kg,蔗糖5μg/kg。加标回收率为90％－108％。该方法只需简单的前处理、无基体干扰,分离效果好,测定准确率高,适用于蜂蜜中葡萄糖、果糖、蔗糖的测定。     

离子色谱-积分脉冲安培检测法测定大蒜多糖的单糖组成

采用氨基酸分离柱(Amino PAC PA10,2×250 mm),用10.0 mmol/L NaOH溶液作为流动相,以Au为工作电极,Ag/AgCl为参比电极的脉冲积分安培离子色谱法,分离检测了大蒜多糖水解产生的单糖成分及相对含量。实验结果表明,大蒜多糖中含有半乳糖、葡萄糖、甘露醇和果糖,检出限在0.3~6μg/L范围,样品加标回收率为95%~112%。该法具有灵敏度高、精密度好、分离效果好和样品不需要衍生处理的优点,适用于各种植物多糖的单糖组成分析。     

氮中二氧化硫标准气体定值方法的研究

介绍用脉冲荧光分析仪对氮中二氧化硫标准气体定值的分析方法,对方法的精密度、准确度及定值的不确定度进行了考察。该方法的定值结果与重量法的配制值相一致。用该法对荷兰国家计量院制备的氮中二氧化硫标准气体进行比对试验,取得了良好的等效性。     

Some intriguing items in the history of scientific balances

The short survey covers the development of the balance since its invention in the Neolithic era. Scales have been used most probably first as tools in trading, but already in Old Egyptian papyrus its use in techniques is documented. Its theory was cleared by Aristotle and Archimedes and at least at that time it was used as a scientific instrument. Today the balance is still the most widely used instrument in science and there are still improvements.     

不同载荷下3Cr13不锈钢涂层磨损寿命研究

在T-11摩擦磨损试验机上研究了不同载荷下高速电弧喷涂3Cr13不锈钢涂层的磨损寿命.提出载荷-涂层磨损寿命耦合的关系函数方程.通过对涂层磨损形貌观察,分析了不同载荷对磨损失效机制的影响.结果表明:当载荷较低时,涂层磨损寿命分散程度大,磨损主要失效机制为点蚀和剥落;当载荷较高时,涂层磨损寿命分散程度小,分层是引发涂层磨损失效的关键机制.     

动荷载作用下高速铁路风积土地基动力特性试验研究

根据辽西地区的地震资料和波速测试资料,通过动三轴试验,进行了地震冲击荷载和列车振动荷载两种动荷载作用下辽西风积土地基的动力特性试验研究。研究结果表明,风积土的动强度、动变形和动模量等指标与荷载类型、持续时间、振动频率和动应力幅值等条件有关。在地震荷载作用下,动荷载频率和动应力幅值越大、震动持续时间越长,其产生的动应变越大;在高速列车振动荷载作用下,土的动强度和动抗剪强度随振动次数的增加而降低;固结比相同时,动弹性模量Ed和动剪切模量Gd随固结压力的增大而增大;随动应变εd的增大而减小,且初始时刻减小速度明显,之后逐渐变缓。