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21.
建立了一个四组分一维混合模型,对电子束注入大气产生大尺度等离子体的过程进行了数值模拟.结果表明了能量为140keV、流强为50mA/cm2的注入电子束,可以产生线度为0.5m,密度为1012cm-3量级的大气环境下等离子体.电子束所伴随的空间电荷效应由于等离子体的产生会很快消失,不影响后续的等离子体产生过程.电子束注入流强主要影响产生等离子体的密度,而电子束能量则同时影响其空间线度和密度.
关键词:
电子束
碰撞
电离 相似文献
22.
非傍轴平顶高斯光束M2因子两种定义的比较研究 总被引:3,自引:2,他引:1
基于功率密度的二阶矩方法,推导出了非傍轴平顶高斯(FG)光束束宽和远场发散角的解析表达式·研究表明,当w0/λ→0时,远场发散角趋于渐近值θmax=63.435°,与阶数无关·使用非傍轴高斯光束代替傍轴高斯光束作为理想光束,研究了非傍轴FG光束的M2因子,并与传统定义的M2因子作了比较·在非傍轴范畴,非傍轴FG光束的M2因子不仅与阶数N有关,而且与w0/λ有关·按照定义,当w0/λ→0时,非傍轴FG光束的M2因子不等于0,对阶数N=1,2,3时,M2因子分别趋于0.913,0.882和0.886·当N→∞时,M2因子取最小值M2min=0.816· 相似文献
23.
Eldad Herceg 《Surface science》2006,600(19):4563-4571
The formation of a well-ordered p(2 × 2) overlayer of atomic nitrogen on the Pt(1 1 1) surface and its reaction with hydrogen were characterized with reflection absorption infrared spectroscopy (RAIRS), temperature programmed desorption (TPD), low energy electron diffraction (LEED), Auger electron spectroscopy (AES), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The p(2 × 2)-N overlayer is formed by exposure of ammonia to a surface at 85 K that is covered with 0.44 monolayer (ML) of molecular oxygen and then heating to 400 K. The reaction between ammonia and oxygen produces water, which desorbs below 400 K. The only desorption product observed above 400 K is molecular nitrogen, which has a peak desorption temperature of 453 K. The absence of oxygen after the 400 K anneal is confirmed with AES. Although atomic nitrogen can also be produced on the surface through the reaction of ammonia with an atomic, rather than molecular, oxygen overlayer at a saturation coverage of 0.25 ML, the yield of surface nitrogen is significantly less, as indicated by the N2 TPD peak area. Atomic nitrogen readily reacts with hydrogen to produce the NH species, which is characterized with RAIRS by an intense and narrow (FWHM ∼ 4 cm−1) peak at 3322 cm−1. The areas of the H2 TPD peak associated with NH dissociation and the XPS N 1s peak associated with the NH species indicate that not all of the surface N atoms can be converted to NH by the methods used here. 相似文献
24.
非傍轴平顶高斯光束M2因子两种定义的比较研究 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
基于功率密度的二阶矩方法,推导出了非傍轴平顶高斯(FG)光束束宽和远场发散角的解析表达式.研究表明,当w0/λ→0时,远场发散角趋于渐近值θmax=63.435°,与阶数无关.使用非傍轴高斯光束代替傍轴高斯光束作为理想光束,研究了非傍轴FG光束的M2因子,并与传统定义的M2因子作了比较.在非傍轴范畴,非傍轴FG光束的M2因子不仅与阶数N有关,而且与w0/λ有关.按照定义,当w0/λ→0时,非傍轴FG光束的M2因子不等于0,对阶数N=1, 2, 3时,M2因子分别趋于0.913,0.882和0.886.当N→∞时,M2因子取最小值M2min=0.816. 相似文献
25.
M. Brando N. Büttgen V. Fritsch J. Hemberger H. Kaps H.-A. Krug von Nidda M. Nicklas K. Pucher W. Trinkl A. Loidl E.W. Scheidt M. Klemm S. Horn 《The European Physical Journal B - Condensed Matter and Complex Systems》2002,25(3):289-298
We present susceptibility, microwave resistivity, NMR and heat-capacity results for Li1-xZnx(V1-yTiy)2O4 with 0 ?
x
? 0.3 and 0 ?
y
? 0.3. For all doping levels the susceptibility curves can be fitted with a Curie-Weiss law. The paramagnetic Curie-Weiss temperatures
remain negative with an average value close to that of the pure compound Θ≈ - 36 K. Spin-glass anomalies are observed in the susceptibility, heat-capacity and NMR measurements for both type of dopants.
From the temperature dependence of the spin-lattice relaxation rate we found critical-dynamic behavior in the Zn doped compounds
at the freezing temperatures. For the Ti-doped samples two successive freezing transitions into disordered low-temperature
states can be detected. The temperature dependence of the heat capacity for Zn-doped compounds does not resemble that of canonical
spin glasses and only a small fraction of the total vanadium entropy is frozen at the spin-glass transitions. For pure LiV2O4 the spin-glass transition is completely suppressed. The temperature dependence of the heat capacity for LiV2O4 can be described using a nuclear Schottky contribution and the non-Fermi liquid model, appropriate for a system close to
a spin-glass quantum critical point. Finally an (
x
/
y
,
T
)-phase diagram for the low-doping regime is presented.
Received 16 March 2001 and Received in final form 30 October 2001 相似文献
26.
电子自旋是原子物理学和量子力学的重要概念,电子自旋假说的产生在物理学史上具有一定的特殊性,该文系统论述了电子自旋假说提出了与被物理学界接受的历史,并从荷兰莱顿理论物理研究的学术环境、乌仑贝克和哥德斯密“理论型”与实验型”的互补、艾仑费斯行的教育艺术等方面分析了其历史经验。 相似文献
27.
Chemical bonding in isolated molecules and crystals of zwitterionic pentacoordinate silicon chelates
The electronic structures of a number of zwitterionic pentacoordinate silicon chelates were investigated using the results of X-ray diffraction studies and quantum-chemical calculatoins by the MPW1PW91/6-311G(d) method. The topological analysis of the electron density distribution function and the study in the framework of the natural bond orbital partitioning scheme showed that the character of chemical bonding in the axial fragments of the molecules under consideration changes from dative to three-center, four-electron as the silicon atom assumes a trigonal-bipyramidal coordination. 相似文献
28.
29.
强流脉冲电子束在材料中的能量沉积剖面、能量沉积系数和束流传输系数受其入射角的影响很大,理论计算了0.5~2.0MeV的电子束以不同的入射角在Al材料中的能量沉积剖面和能量沉积系数,并且还计算了0.4~1.4MeV电子束以不同入射角穿透不同厚度C靶的束流传输系数。计算结果表明,随着入射角的增大,靶材表面层单位质量中沉积的能量增大,电子在靶材料中穿透深度减小,能量沉积系数减小,相应的束流传输系数也减小;能量为0.5~2.0MeV的电子束当入射角在60°~70°时在材料表面层单位质量中沉积的能量较大。 相似文献
30.
Based on the Collins formula and irradiance moments definition, the propagation of the kurtosis parameter of super-Gaussian beams through a spherically aberrated lens is studied. Detailed numerical results are given. It is shown that, as compared with aberration-free super-Gaussian beams, the profile of spherically aberrated super-Gaussian beams can be leptokurtic, mesokurtic or platykurtic, depending on the aberration and propagation distance. The results for the spherically aberrated Gaussian beams can be dealt with as a special case treated in this paper. Finally, the advantage of our method is pointed out. 相似文献