淀粉接枝共聚丙烯酸-丙烯酰胺煤尘抑尘剂的合成及应用

以淀粉为亲水主链,丙烯酸和丙烯酰胺为接枝单体,利用加聚反应合成了新型煤尘抑尘剂.从保湿、凝聚和固结机理出发,测试了其水溶性、吸水保水能力、黏度,以及对煤尘的渗透性和润湿性、凝聚能力、固结能力,评价了其应用性能.结果表明,所合成的煤尘抑尘剂对煤尘具有长效抑尘作用.     

Thermokinetics of The Combustion of Carbon Containing Materials. Practical aspects of the investigations

The results of the thermokinetic analysis of the combustion of carbon containing materials in the air and oxygen have been presented. A thermokinetic model has been developed, which simplifies the current approach assuming the0-th order and zero activation energy for this process. The interpretation of the results makes possible the identification of the material (carbon carrier) of the highest reactivity toward oxygen. This material was used as a component of the insulating grease fill for the continuous slab caster (CSC) process. The application of the fill proves successful in the industrial practice. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Hybrid Multi-attribute Decision Making Method of Electric Coal Procurement in Industry

Electric coal procurement is the basis of electric power production. In this paper, the problem of supplier selection is studied in multi-source procurement of electric coal. Concretely, the index system of supplier selection is presented, including the evaluation attributes of price, quantity, quality, delivery time and the reputation of supplier. Then, the problem of supplier selection is converted into a problem of hybrid multi-attribute decision making, and a projection method based on hybrid technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) is presented to rank all suppliers and select winners. Its decision example is also given to implement the presented decision method and to demonstrate its effectiveness and practicality. This paper gives an effective way to the hybrid multi-attribute decision making for multi-source procurement of electric coal under fuzzy uncertain environment.     

An In Situ Testing Method for Analyzing the Changes of Active Groups in Coal Oxidation at Low Temperatures

This study details an in situ Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analytical system that was employed to follow chemical variations in the functional groups on coal surface during the oxidation process at low temperatures. In the reported in situ Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy system, a special chamber was used to contain the coal powders, and a gas inlet tube and a programmable heater were used to simulate different reaction atmospheres and temperatures. The comparisons between in situ and ex situ Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy spectra indicate that the in situ Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy data offer a more accurate reflection of changes in the functional groups. The real-time changes of aliphatic hydrocarbon groups and oxygen-containing groups in a lignite coal sample were analyzed from 30°C to 220°C using in situ Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The experimental results indicate that the chemical variations in the functional groups are affected by their relative chemical activities. The results show that the presence of aliphatic groups on the coal surface varies with temperature. Over the range of 30–70°C the presence of these groups decreases, but then their abundance increases over the range of 70–180°C and finally decreases again when the temperature is increased to between 180°C and 220°C. With respect to oxygen-containing functional groups, three various trends were observed as the test temperature was varied. Our conclusion was that these variations are a function of the reaction activities of the various oxygen-containing functional groups.     

Possibilities of Practical Use of Historical Distributions of Ash,Sulfur and Mercury Contents in Commercial Steam Coal of the USCB

In the process of extracting hard coal, extensive databases are created on its quality parameters. A statistical assessment was made of the ash, sulfur, and mercury content of commercial coals produced in the Upper Silesian Coal Basin (USCB). The statistical methods applied: non-parametric tests of compatibility for two populations, parametric significance tests, and non-parametric tests of compatibility for the three populations, showed that the distributions of ash and sulfur content in 2014 and 2015 are comparable and the average values are similar. Statistical tests indicated significant differences in the mercury content distributions and their variances. This demonstrates the need for ongoing monitoring of mercury content in commercial coals, as a prediction of mercury content from historical data is hardly possible.     

混合废塑料与煤共热解液体产物中氯的含量与赋存形态

采用离子色谱等方法测定了不同热解条件下液体产物（包括焦油和水）中氯的质量分数,讨论了影响煤与废塑料共热解过程中,热解温度、恒温时间、升温速率及气体流量等因素对液体产物中氯质量分数的影响。并通过红外光谱、离子色谱等手段分析了液体产物中氯的赋存形态。结果表明,煤热解过程中加入一定量的废塑料,并没有给焦油中带来大量的有机含氯化合物,但增加了焦油的产率,同时降低了水的产率。水中氯主要以无机盐（NH₄Cl）和有机胺类盐酸盐等含氯化合物的形式存在;焦油的红外光谱中没有明显的C-Cl吸收峰,说明焦油中有机氯的含量非常少。     

煤与甲烷共转化过程中煤焦二氧化碳气化动力学研究

以煤与甲烷共转化为背景,运用热重方法进行了由煤焦、甲烷和二氧化碳组成的共转化反应体系中碳的反应动力学研究。在1173K~1273K考察了温度对碳转化的影响。结果表明,该反应体系中碳的表观反应速率比煤焦的纯二氧化碳气化速率慢一倍左右,且表观上碳不能完全被气化。通过改变甲烷和二氧化碳的比例考察了气相组成变化对共转化反应中碳转化速率的影响,发现甲烷浓度的增加和二氧化碳浓度的减少都会降低碳的转化速率,且随着甲烷浓度的增加,表观上碳最终所能达到的转化率也会降低。通过数据分析发现,该反应适合采用均相反应模型进行描述,关联得到其表观活化能为312.4kJ/mol,甲烷的反应级数为-0.13,二氧化碳的反应级数为0.3。     

铁基助熔剂对皖北刘桥二矿煤的灰熔融特性影响研究

研究了铁基助熔剂对皖北刘桥二矿煤（AQ）灰熔融特征的影响,并对AQ煤灰在添加铁基助熔剂前后不同热处理温度下的矿物组成进行了XRD和红外光谱分析。结果表明,导致AQ煤灰熔点高的主要原因是1000℃以上形成的莫来石引起的;加入铁基助熔剂可以降低AQ煤灰的熔融温度;在高温下铁基助熔剂与煤灰中其他铝硅酸盐矿物发生反应,生成铁橄榄石和铁尖晶石等低温共熔化合物,从而使煤灰熔点明显下降。     

煤可溶烃中一种特殊的稀土元素地球化学现象 ——以渭北中熟煤为例

用数理统计方法研究了渭北中熟煤中稀土元素（REE）在可溶烃和无机矿物中的赋存规律。结果表明,REE在可溶烃和矿物质之间有明显的互补关系,其中,轻稀土（LREE）和重稀土（HREE）又各呈现出不同的分布和赋存特征。但无论是LREE还是HREE,这种赋存分布规律都决定于其离子半径及内部的电子构型变化规律。LREE随着原子序数增大,其在有机的可溶烃和无机矿物中赋存规律性减弱,而HREE随着原子序数的增大,其在可溶烃和无机矿物中赋存规律性增强。这种“互补”和同步消长的关系在可溶烃各族组分之间也存在,并对煤成烃有一定的潜在作用。这是作者以前发现的“稀土元素煤地化效应”的另一种表现形式。     

神府东胜煤镜质组和惰质组的热化学反应差异

神府东胜(SD)煤的液化是我国能源多元化战略的重要环节, 然而由于我国西部煤种中的显微组分在液化过程中表现出的差异性, 传统煤化学知识无法解释神府东胜煤惰质组(SDI)和镜质组(SDV)在液化过程中表现出有别于我国东部煤对应煤种的性质; 此外, 由于煤结构基础理论上的局限, 镜质组和惰质组的热化学差异无法由常规热分析得到解释. 为了获取神府东胜煤镜质组和惰质组在液化过程中的差异性, 在建立两种煤岩显微组分平均分子模型的基础上, 应用分子力学、分子动力学和量子化学对所构建分子结构模型的成键特征及其在热化学环境中的变化做了定性分析, 模拟了由不同显微组分生成气、油和焦的过程. 结果表明, 在煤受热初始裂解释放CO2的过程中, SDI的活性高于SDV, 但这一过程对SDV和SDI的大分子骨架结构基本无影响. 在进一步的裂解中, 根据键级分析发现, SDV的化学键发生断裂的数目远大于SDI, 当SDV已基本裂解成小分子化合物时, SDI还需要进一步裂解才能形成小分子化合物, 而且SDV和SDI的裂解产物存在着差别, SDV以脂肪烃和单环芳烃为主, SDI以双环芳烃为主. 把量子化学计算推测的裂解小分子碎片与热重-质谱(TG-MS)实测结果进行对比, 证明了理论上的裂解过程与实验结果相吻合.