船型体煤粉燃烧器流场的数值模拟

本文将贴体坐标用于具有复杂形状的船型体煤粉燃烧器的三维流场数值模拟中，建立了在贴体坐标下的总体质量校正方程。计算结果令人满意。同时，对存在的问题作了进一步讨论。     

Effect of the ultrasonic standing wave frequency on the attractive mineralization for fine coal particle flotation

Froth flotation for mineral beneficiation is one of the most important separation techniques; however, it has several challenges for processing fine and ultrafine particles. Attractive mineralization between particles and bubbles by ultrasonic standing wave (USW) is a novel and high-efficiency method that could assist fine particle flotation. Frequency is an important ultrasound parameter, whose effectiveness mechanisms on the attractive mineralization did not compressively address. This study explored the effect of the USW field with various frequencies on the fine coal flotation for filling this gap. Herein, a high-speed camera and a focused beam reflectance measurement (FBRM) were used to analyze three sub-processes of the attractive mineralization, including the microbubbles’ formation, the conventional flotation bubbles (CFBs)’ dispersion, and the particles’ movement. It was found that the maximum flotation metallurgical responses were obtained under the highest examined USW frequency (600 kHz). However, the flotation outcomes by a low USW frequency (50 kHz) were even lower than the conventional flotation tests. Observation and theoretical calculation results revealed these results were originated from the influence of frequency on the carrier bubbles’ formation and the action of the secondary acoustic force during USW-assisted flotation. These outcomes demonstrated that frequency is a key factor determining the success of attractive mineralization for fine particles’ flotation.     

链子崖危岩体T8──T12缝段开裂变形机制的研究

文章通过对煤层采空区的分布、地压作用、山体开裂和近２０多年来的变形等方面的综合分析，得出链子崖危岩体具有南北强拉裂、东西弱拉裂和平面反时针转动的立体开裂变形机制。据此，作者进行了有针对性的计算，为危岩体综合加固体系的建立提供了依据。     

Rheology of brown coal-water suspensions

Techniques for measuring the fundamental flow properties of as-mined Victorian brown coal suspensions are developed. Flow properties are presented for Morwell, Yallourn and Loy Yang coals as a function of concentration for fixed particle size distribution. Even at the relatively low solids concentration of 20 to 30 percent by weight, the suspensions exhibit complex non-Newtonian characteristics. Generally at high concentration, the suspensions are thixotropic with a shear rate dependent viscosity and exhibit a yield stress. The inherent thixotropy of the coals can be exploited and it is technically but perhaps not economically feasible to transport the as-mined coals in a pipeline. The power requirement to pump the coals in a pipeline is found to be 10 to 30 times that required to pump black coal in the Black Mesa pipeline in the U.S.A. The differences in the rheological properties of the three coals is related to the surface properties of the coal particle — expressed in terms of carboxylate and inorganic cation content, and to differences in the pore volume of the coals. The flow characteristics of one coal can be converted to that of another simply by varying either the carboxylate or ionic content of the suspension.     

开采覆岩破坏工程地质预测的理论与实践

煤层开采造成的覆岩破坏范围和高度是水体下采煤留设防水煤岩柱和老采空区基岩稳定性评价的重要依据，本文以岩体工程地质力学为理论依据，对覆岩破坏机理和判据等进行了研究，详细分析了覆岩工程地质类型及其组合、岩体结构特征、地层倾角、地质构造、地应力、地下水及开采条件对覆岩破坏高度及发育规律的影响。文中提出了覆岩破坏预测的工程地质学方法，并给出了应用实例。     

热处理温度对沥青基硼氮共掺杂多孔炭结构与电化学性能的影响

以煤液化沥青质为碳源、硝酸为氮源、硼酸为硼源和造孔剂制备硼氮共掺杂多孔炭,研究了热处理温度对其孔结构和表面性质的影响,测试了产品作为超级电容器电极材料的性能.用X射线衍射(XRD)、拉曼光谱、扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)、N2吸附、元素分析、电感耦合等离子体发射光谱(ICP-AES)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、电化学工作站等对材料的结构、组成及电化学性能进行了表征.结果表明:随着热处理温度的升高,产品的石墨化程度逐渐升高;比表面积、总孔容呈先增加后减小的趋势;氮含量随着热处理温度的升高逐渐降低,而硼含量则随着热处理温度的升高逐渐增加;材料的比电容随着热处理温度的升高先逐渐增加后减小.其中900°C热处理的样品比表面积达到1103 m2·g-1,总孔容为0.921 cm3·g-1,氮含量为5.256%(w),硼含量为1.703%(w),在6 mol·L-1KOH电解液中当电流密度为100 mA·g-1时质量比电容为349 F·g-1;而经过1000°C热处理的样品表现出最好的倍率特性,电流密度从100 mA·g-1增加到10A·g-1时比电容保持率为75%.     

Effects of Modified Sodium Lignosulfonate on Rheological Properties of Coal–Water Slurry with Low-Rank Coal

Coal–water slurry (CWS) is a new type of oil-replaceable liquid fuel with low pollution. The cost of CWS preparation will be greatly reduced if low-rank coal is used as the preparation material. In this work, chemical modification was used to prepare the modified sodium lignosulfonate (SL-M) hyper-dispersant, having larger molecular weight and more sulfonic groups than sodium lignosulfonate (SL), which was widely used for preparation of CWS from low-rank Shenhua coal due to its rich source and lower price. Effects of preparation conditions and molecular structure of SL-M on rheological properties of CWS were studied by using Haak rheometer. Results showed that the CWS transfered from viscous fluid to swelling fluid when the coal particle size decreased. The consistency coefficient of CWS decreased with the increase of additive dosage. The rheological properties of CWS became much better with the addition of the stabilizer, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), compared with that of CWS without CMC. The prepared CWS changed from yield viscous fluid into yield swelling fluid with the increase of the molecular weight of SL-M. The rheological index was lower than 1 when the sulfonic group content was low, then it was increased with the increase of the sulfonic group content.     

应用红外光谱研究脱灰对伊敏褐煤结构的影响

对伊敏褐煤的原煤和脱灰煤进行了红外光谱分析,并通过分段分峰拟合分析了脱灰前后伊敏煤结构的变化。结果表明,脱灰处理对煤中有机结构会产生一定影响。对脂氢和羟基氢键有机结构影响较小,脱灰后,脂氢结构中CH₂不对称伸缩振动没有变化,CH伸缩振动明显减少,而CH₂对称伸缩振动和CH₃不对称伸缩振动略有增加;羟基氢键结构中羟基N羟基、自缔合羟基氢键以及羟基π氢键的强度有所降低,而环氢键和羟基醚氢键的吸收强度有所增加;对芳香结构和含氧官能团的影响较大,芳香结构由原煤中的苯环三取代占主导地位转变为脱灰煤中的苯环三和四取代;含氧官能团中烷基醚和脂肪羧酸脱灰后吸收峰的强度明显减弱,这是由于水解反应导致的,而酚羟基和羧酸脱灰后吸收强度明显增强。     

准东次烟煤中长链烷醛的富集与分析(英文)

用等体积的二硫化碳(CDS)与丙酮的混合溶剂萃取了准东次烟煤得到可溶物,然后依次用石油醚(PE)和CDS萃取该可溶物为PE萃取物(E1)和CDS萃取物(E2)。在硅胶层析柱中依次用PE和30%的CDS/PE对E2进行洗脱,富集了长链烷醛(LCNAs,C18~27)并用气相色谱/质谱联用仪分析了LCNAs。分级萃取和柱层析提供了从中低阶煤中富集LCNAs的有效方法。LCNAs可能是煤中重要的生物标志物。     

电子束辐照与电化学还原联用技术——一种用于煤炭直接液化的新方法

对电子束辐照与电化学联用技术提高煤炭液化率的新型方法进行了研究。利用高能电子束对煤炭样品进行辐照,并通过四氢呋喃萃取出辐照后的可能产物并计算其提取率。实验结果发现,提取产率随着辐照剂量的增加而增加,并得到在氧气气氛下25 kGy的最佳辐照条件。辐照的样品进一步在氢氧化钠电解液中电化学还原液化,并采用元素分析法、傅里叶红外光谱法、阴极极化曲线法、核磁共振法和计时电流法等来检测辐照对煤炭电化学还原的影响。