Influence of Substance on the Equilibrium Translation Rate for the Isothermal and Isobaric Chemical Reactions of Ideal gases

To increase inert substance i will make the equilibrium translation rate α _j of reactant j decrease if ∑ _i ν _i < 0 or increase if ∑ _i ν _i > 0. When or , to increase non-inert substance i will make α _j increase if i is reactant (i ≠ j) or decrease if i is resultant. When has maximum if i is reactant (i≠ j) or minimum if i is resultant. If i is reactant, (x _r ⁰ is “optimum proportion” of reactant)     

Shape optimal design of arch dams including dam-water–foundation rock interaction using a grading strategy and approximation concepts

Optimal design of arch dams including dam-water–foundation rock interaction is achieved using the soft computing techniques. For this, linear dynamic behavior of arch dam-water–foundation rock system subjected to earthquake ground motion is simulated using the finite element method at first and then, to reduce the computational cost of optimization process, a wavelet back propagation neural network (WBPNN) is designed to predict the arch dam response instead of directly evaluating it by a time-consuming finite-element analysis (FEA). In order to enhance the performance generality of the neural network, a dam grading technique (DGT) is also introduced. To assess the computational efficiency of the proposed methodology for arch dam optimization, an actual arch dam is considered. The optimization is implemented via the simultaneous perturbation stochastic approximation (SPSA) algorithm for the various conditions of the interaction problem. Numerical results show the merits of the suggested techniques for arch dam optimization. It is also found that considering the dam-water–foundation rock interaction has an important role for safely designing an arch dam.     

油墨组分比例预测模型与方法

因光学特性(吸收系数与散射吸收)与组分比例不呈严格的线性关系,基于K-M理论的配色模型无法保证比例预测精度,针对上述问题,建立了油墨组分比例预测模型与方法。首先利用与组分比例具有强线性相关性的特征波长处的光谱反射率倒数值替换K-M配色理论中的吸收系数与散射系数,引入非线性项,构建油墨混合呈色模型;然后在此基础上建立油墨组分比例预测模型。以两组二元基色油墨混合样本为例,对提出的油墨组分比例预测模型及方法进行验证。实验结果表明,文中方法可预测获得与真实结果较为接近的组分比例,两组实验样本的预测平均偏差分别为1.57%和3.6%,可为目标样油墨组分比例预测提供一种新的方法。     

Physical design of a 10 MeV LINAC for polymer radiation processing

In China, polymer radiation processing has become one of the most important     

大型光学天文望远镜风载作用分析

风载对光学天文望远镜结构和镜面的作用将直接影响望远镜的面形精度和跟踪指向控制,从而降低望远镜的像质。特别是未来大型望远镜越来越多地采用主动光学技术,风载的作用将是影响主动光学子镜的主动控制及望远镜整体性能的重要因素。回顾了大型望远镜风载作用的分析方法和随机风载的性质,详细介绍了采用风速功率谱密度方法进行随机风载分析的过程和采用有限元方法分析建模的方法;建立了一个拼接镜面主动光学望远镜的完整计算模型,研究了子镜及望远镜整体在风载作用下的静态和动态响应,并分析了风载对镜面面形和望远镜的跟踪指向精度的影响。     

吡咯喹啉醌(PQQ)合成基因对PQQ产量的影响

将携带新辅基吡咯喹啉醌合成基因的克隆载体pRK310 经三亲本杂交,分别导入M.extorquens.AM1 及其突变体3b 和D2 中,可不同程度增加pqq 基因的拷贝数. 在基因复制水平构建了8 个工程菌,使PQQ产量提高了0.84～5.6 倍. 结果表明,结构上成簇的pqq 基因在功能上是密切相关、协调作用的,单个或部分pqq基因对PQQ合成的贡献是有限的,pqq 基因之间的比例和相互作用对PQQ 的合成量是有重要意义的.pqq 基因簇中起转录衰减作用的反向重复序列可能是pqq 基因正常转录所必需的.     

Protocol Challenges for On-the-Job Voice Dosimetry of Teachers in the United States and Finland

The occupational voice use of teachers has been an important research topic over the last 10 years. However, data collection on vocal loading in teachers at and away from the workplace poses significant challenges to the research protocol. The challenges include recruitment of subjects, voice data collection on the job, and subject compliance and retention. The present article offers recommendations for coping with these protocol difficulties. The recommendations are based on the authors' experiences with long-term, on-the-job voice dosimetry of large subject groups of teachers in the United States and Finland.     

Evaluation of microfluidics-based droplet PCR combined with multiplex STR system in forensic science

Because of its excellent monodispersity, high throughput, and low volume, microfluidics-based droplet PCR has become the core technology of digital PCR, next-generation sequencing, and other technology platforms. This study constructed a microfluidic water-in-oil droplet PCR system and amplified a commercially available forensic 22-plex short tandem repeat detection system. We analyzed the sensitivity, concordance, amplification efficiency of the droplet PCR, and influence factors of the above aspects. The droplet PCR showed high concordance with conventional bulk PCR and had high sensitivity as 0.125 ng. Furthermore, we observed the performance of droplet PCR in high-order mixed DNA. As the mixture ratios from 10:1 to 30:1, droplet PCR presented more mixture proportion (Mx) increased loci from 11 (57.89%) to 17 (89.47%). In the mixture ratios 20:1, 25:1, and 30:1, significant Mx differences between droplet PCR and bulk PCR were observed (p < 0.05). The results showed that the droplet PCR could improve the identification of the minor contributor's DNA in a two-person mixture and alleviate the imbalanced amplification problem. This study provides a reference and basis for the wide application of droplet PCR in forensic science.     

一种估算谱载疲劳裂纹起始寿命的方法

提出了一种估算谱载疲劳裂纹起始寿命的等效载荷法，该法在变幅载荷的均方根算式中引入加权因子和修正系数来分别反映不同载荷变程和平均应力对变幅疲劳寿命的影响，并用相应获得的等幅载荷取代变幅载荷来估算谱载下的疲劳裂纹起始寿命．该法仅依赖于材料的等幅S-N曲线和单轴力学性能，不含任何待定参数，使用方便；两种材料3种谱载下15组变幅疲劳试验数据的评估结果显示，该法的平均寿命预测精度分别较同类型的Miner法则、修正Miner法则、均方根法提高了99．1％，24．6％和50．0％。