Thermal analysis of polymeric materials looked at from the environmental and recycling point of view

This paper presents DSC investigations on the curing kinetics of an epoxy-polyester (EP/PE) powder coating system with two different accelerators and on the crystallization behaviour of a semicrystalline thermoplastic containing regranulate. In addition thermal degradation and entropy relaxation effects of an amorphous, thermoplastic due to different injection moulding parameters are discussed. Thermogravimetry results are presented for quantitative analysis of rubber, and for elucidating problems which may arise during the injection moulding of thermoplastic regranulate which is obtained from painted rejects. The measurements were carried out using NETZSCH DSC 200 (heat flux DSC) and thermobalances TG 439 and TG 209.     

光纤Bragg光栅水听器探头的特性及实验研究

论述了FBG水听器探头基元——光纤Bragg光栅(FBG)的传感特性,分析了FBG的耦合系数、反射率、反射带宽和栅长对FBG水听器传感特性的影响。通过改进FBG水听器探头封装结构,增加了其压力敏感系数。并将实验结果与标准水听器(压电型)比较,标定出FBG的声压灵敏度,在1～25KHz的声波检测范围,其响应平坦度好、信号输出稳定,改进措施是有效的。     

The relevance of pressure-sensitive paint to aerodynamic research

Aerodynamic tests are designed to give information about the performance of a model when subjected to an airflow. The introduction of pressure sensitive paint provides a new method for obtaining the pressure distribution on the surface of wind-tunnel models. A paint, the luminescence of which is dependent on air pressure, is applied to the surface of the model and the pressure distribution is obtained from the image produced. This paper gives an explanation of this technique, a résumé of possible applications and some results from research performed at DRA Bedford.     

以[Eu(PBrBA)3phen]和[Eu(PCBA)3phen]为探针的温敏漆制备及其性能对比

以氧化铕(Eu_2O_3)、对氯苯甲酸(PCBA)、对溴苯甲酸(PBrBA)和菲咯啉(phen)为原料制备了菲咯啉对氯苯甲酸铕[Eu(PCBA)_3phen]、菲咯啉对溴苯甲酸铕[Eu(PBrBA)_3phen]两种探针分子,并将这2种探针分子掺杂在甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)中,以过氧化苯甲酰(BPO)为引发剂,制得Eu(PCBA)_3phen/PMMA和Eu(PBrBA)_3phen/PMMA温敏漆样品。利用红外光谱仪、扫描电子显微镜、紫外-可见分度光度计和荧光光谱仪对探针分子的组成结构、发光性能、形貌和温敏漆的温度敏感性进行了测试分析,研究了不同配体对探针分子发光性能和温敏漆性能的影响。结果表明,Eu~(3+)分别与对氯苯甲酸(PCBA)和对溴苯甲酸(PBrBA) 2种主配体配位,并且第二配体菲咯啉(phen)均参与了配位,成功合成了2种配合物。2种配合物均发出Eu~(3+)的特征荧光,其中以PBrBA为主配体的菲咯啉铕三元配合物具有更好的发光性能。此外,基于这2种探针分子制备的温敏漆在50～90℃范围内均具有温度猝灭性能,以Eu(PCBA)_3phen为探针制成的温敏漆温度敏感性更强。     

基于摄动法的压敏储层非线性渗流问题研究

研究地层压力变化对渗流特征的影响,对低渗透储层、碳酸盐岩储层,或其他致密性储层的油气开采和储层改造都具有重要意义.在考虑渗流压力梯度平方项存在的前提下,运用摄动法求解的相关理论,将渗透率随压力的变化融入到渗流问题的求解过程中,有效地求解了该类压敏型储层的非线性渗流问题.结果表明,在实际应用中,尤其是在储层压敏性较弱的情况下,可考虑直接用0阶摄动解即可满足较好的计算精度;储层的压敏性越强,越适宜通过用摄动解的修正,来达到精确求解的目的.     

Chalk it up to experience: using chalkboard paint to create mathematical manipulatives

In this article, we give two examples of creating portable chalkboards using chalkboard paint for students to use during cooperative learning. This provides a creative method for professors to facilitate active learning in the undergraduate mathematics classroom.     

光学薄膜保护封闭漆

用普通光学镀膜机蒸镀的光学膜,如果暴露在大气中一经受潮,镀膜材料的折射率发生变化,其结果会令光学薄膜的中心波长产生漂移,因而影响薄膜的光学特性。如蒸镀软膜,受潮后漂移则更为严重。另外软膜表面强度差,易擦伤和脱膜。封闭漆既能有效防潮,又能改善光学薄膜表面强度,而且不影响光学薄膜的光学特性。     

Environmental Research for Art Conservation and Assessment of Indoor Conditions Surrounding Cultural Objects

This paper describes the results and conclusions of research directed towards the development and evaluation of a chemical sensor which would provide information on the quality of indoor environments surrounding cultural objects. In our case these objects were paintings housed in major European galleries and the main objective is their preservation through an improved understanding of their microenvironment. The concept was to prepare and expose test tempera paintings which would behave as dosimeters and integrate the environmental response at these locations. Artificial ageing of similar samples was performed to provide a means of calibrating the test paintings. Samples from the test paintings were compared with artificially aged samples and this enabled the sites to be ranked in terms of their suitability for exposure of cultural objects. Additionally, novel methodology involving piezoelectric sensors was designed for monitoring the relative humidity and temperature of the microenvironment of paintings. Dielectric techniques were also used for measuring the effect of relative humidity fluctuations on artists' materials and novel non-invasive dielectric techniques in the microwave region were used for the determination of their moisture content. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

热熔型反光道路标线涂料的红外光谱三级鉴定

为了能从交通事故现场的微量物证中检测出道路标线涂料,并进一步区分其厂牌,选取国内三个不同厂牌的热熔型反光道路标线涂料及其配方原料,利用一维红外光谱(FTIR)、二阶导数光谱(SD-IR)、二维相关光谱(2D-IR)进行三级鉴定研究。实验结果表明,三个厂牌的涂料在一维谱图上峰形相似度很高,只是吸收峰波数有一定的差异,在1 435 cm-1附近都有宽强吸收峰,879,2 955,2 919,2 870 cm-1附近也有较强吸收峰,经过分区域局部放大并与每种配方原料图谱比对分析,可将三个厂牌涂料加以区分,700～970和1 370～1 660 cm-1区域内主要反映出三厂牌涂料的重质碳酸钙相对含量不同,2 800～2 960 cm-1区域内主要反映出聚乙烯蜡(PE蜡)、乙烯醋酸乙烯树脂(EVA)、邻苯二甲酸二辛酯(DOP)的相对含量不同。二阶导数谱图不仅验证了一维光谱分析的结果,而且进一步扩大微观差异,并在512～799 cm-1区域内反映出石英砂相对含量的不同。在1 351～1 525 cm-1范围内的二维红外相关光谱中,自动峰出现的位置和个数有着更为显著的差异。因此,红外光谱三级鉴定是一种快速有效识别、区分热熔型反光道路标线漆的方法,并且表观分辨率逐级提高。