Geoacoustic inversion based on reflection model of effective density fluid approximation

In order to obtain the physical and geoacoustic properties of marine sediments,an inverse method using reflection loss of different grazing angles is presented.The reflection loss is calculated according to the reflection model of effective density fluid approximation.A two-step hybrid optimization algorithm combining differential evolution and particle swarm optimization along with Bayesian inversion is employed in estimation of porosity,mean grain size,mass density and bulk modulus of grains.Based on the above physical parameters,geoacoustic parameters,including sound speed and attenuation,are further calculated.According to the numerical simulations,we can draw a conclusion that all the parameters can be well estimated with the exception of bulk modulus of grains.In particular,this indirect inverse method for bottom geoacoustic parameters performs high accuracy and strong robustness.The relative errors are 0.092%and 17%,respectively.Finally,measured reflection loss data of sandy sediments at the bottom of a water tank is analyzed,and the estimation value,uncertainty and correlation of each parameter are presented.The availability of this inverse method is verified through comparison between inverse results and part of measured parameters.     

非线性双重介质模型的精确解及动态特征

考虑了二次梯度项的非线性双重介质模型．在模型中假设岩块和裂缝间的压力差作为初始未知量,在岩块中是拟先态的,从而避免了解联立方程组．利用广义Hankel变换求得了径向流动的解析解,由于解析解是无穷级数,无法得到具体的值．通过数值求解特征值问题,从而算得了窟体的压力值,并探讨了非线性参数和双重介质参数变化时压力的变化规律,给出了典型压力曲线图版,这些结果可用于实际的试井分析．     

The influence of molecular weight of dextran forming a heparin-bonding polysaccharide layer on the chromatographic properties of sorbents for HPAC analysis of human antithrombin III

Summary Human antithrombin III (AT III) is a natural anticoagulant of blood. It is separated from blood preparations by bioselective sorption on sorbents containing heparin as a complementary ligand interacting with AT III. The paper deals with the behaviour of the chromatographic packings obtained by bonding heparin to cross-linked polysaccharide layers deposited on controlled-porosity glass. The properties of the prepared sorbents are discussed with respect to molecular weight of dextran used to form the polysaccharide layers. The results obtained show that when ligand (heparin) and AT III are used the molecular weight of cross-linked dextrans does not significantly influence the chromatographic properties of the affinity packings.     

A two-component,non-aqueous route to silica gel

A new means for generating silica gel has been developed. Simple two component systems comprising tetraalkoxysilanes and strong carboxylic acids such as formic acid can react rapidly to give transparent monolithic gels. The acid serves as solvent, water source, and catalyst for both hydrolysis and condensation. Water need not be present as an initial reactant; it is generated in situ during the reaction. The gelation reaction is at least two orders of magnitude faster than those conducted in conventional acid-catalyzed aqueous systems at comparable pH*. Kinetic evidence indicates a lowering of the activation energy of condensation reactions, believed to be associated with reaction of silyl carboxylates and silanol groups. Physical properties of the dry gels such as bulk density more closely resemble conventional acid-catalyzed gels than those associated with other rapidly gelling systems. Dry gels often exhibit porosity so fine that nitrogen (at 77°K) is not absorbed at significant rates. Independent evidence of porosity arises from comparison of skeletal and bulk densities, sample immersion in water and adsorption isotherms of CO₂.     

铁合金和青铜多孔材料屈服应力的实验研究

对铁合金和青铜多孔材料做静态实验和Taylor冲击实验,得到静态屈服应力和孔隙率以及动态屈服应力和应变率的变化规律,同时将静动态载荷作用下的多孔材料的本构方程与实验结果进行了对比,发现理论分析和实验研究有良好的一致性,表明本文采用的模型基本能满足实际工程应用。     

再生骨料透水混凝土抗压性能及透水性能试验研究

通过掺30%再生骨料和未掺再生骨料两种透水混凝土的抗压性能及透水性能对比试验,研究了水灰比、骨料粒径、砂率等因素对其抗压性能和透水性能的影响,确定了按体积法配制的合理性和最佳配合比。试验结果表明,采用5~10mm的骨料粒径、水灰比为0.3和目标孔隙率为15%时,掺30%再生骨料和未掺再生骨料两种透水混凝土抗压强度分别达到18.0MPa和19.2MPa,且透水系数均大于5mm/s。基于上述试验结果,分析了掺30%再生骨料和未掺再生骨料两种透水混凝土孔隙率与透水系数及抗压强度之间的关系,表明它们之间存在着相关性良好的函数关系,即可以通过调整孔隙率的大小来平衡抗压强度与透水系数,使之均满足实际工程要求。     

裂缝性低渗透油藏流固耦合渗流分析

在低渗透油田的开发过程中，油藏流体渗流和储层岩土之间存在明显的耦合作用。本文首先研究给出了低渗裂缝性储层孔渗参数的等效方法，然后将渗流力学和岩土力学相结合，给出了低渗透裂缝性储层流固耦合渗流的数学模型，该模型不仅可以反映基质孔渗参数在开发中的变化，而且更能反映裂缝开度变化所引起的渗透率变化，而这对于低渗透裂缝性油田而言十分重要。最后对一实际井网进行了流固耦合油藏数值模拟，给出了开发过程中孔渗参数的变化及其耦合效应对油田开发的影响．     

The effective homogeneous behavior of heterogeneous porous media

The macroscopic equations that govern the processes of one- and two-phase flow through heterogeneous porous media are derived by using the method of multiple scales. The resulting equations are mathematically similar to the point equations, with the fundamental difference that the local permeabilities are replaced by effective parameters. The method allows the determination of these parameters from a knowledge of the geometrical structure of the medium and its heterogeneities. The technique is applied to determine the effective parameters for one- and two-phase flows through heterogeneous porous media made up of two homogeneous porous media.