DENSITY FUNCTIONAL FOR STRUCTURES OF COLLOIDS CONFINED IN A SLIT-LIKE PORE

A density functional theory is applied to calculating the local density profiles of colloids confined in a slit-like pore as well as the radial distribution functions of bulk colloids. The interaction between the colloidal particles is described using a hard-core Yukawa model. The excess Helmholtz energy functional is a combination of the modified fundamental measure theory of Yu and Wu （2002） for the hard-core contribution and a corrected mean-field theory for the attractive contribution. Comparison with the results from the Monte Carlo simulations shows that the corrected theory improves the density profiles of colloids in the vicinity of contact over the original mean-field theory. Both the present corrected theory and simulations suggest that there are depletion and desorption for the colloid with strong attraction between particles at low temperature.     

冲击荷载作用下粘土孔隙水压的数值分析

为了分析冲击荷载作用下粘土的孔隙水压力的增长规律,为分析粘土介质的动态响应、动力固结加固提供理论依据,将冲击瞬态荷载简化为三角形荷载,通过编制瞬变动态弹塑性有限元程序,对冲击荷载作用下粘土孔隙水压的动态响应进行了模拟,得出了冲击荷载作用下粘土孔隙水压的增长规律,发现孔隙水压力峰值无论是随水平距离还是随深度的增加均呈指数形式衰减,和实际工程施工中孔隙水压的监测数据相吻合。     

准饱和土体中圆形衬砌对弹性波的散射

采用Vardoulakis和Beskos提出的准饱和土体的波动控制方程,根据Helmholtz矢量分解定理,得到了准饱和土中P1波(快压缩波)、P2波(慢压缩波)和S波(剪切波)的波数的势函数表达式.将准饱和土体和圆形衬砌视为各向同性的均质体,运用波函数展开法将入射波、散射波和折射波的势函数展开成Fourier-Bessel函数的级数形式,根据准饱和土体与衬砌边界处应力和位移连续及衬砌内完全自由的边界条件,得到了平面P1波入射下,准饱和土体内深埋圆形衬砌的散射系数和折射系数的理论解,通过数值计算分析了饱和度对准饱和土体和衬砌的DSCF(动应力集中因子)及准饱和土体的PPCF(孔压集中因子)的影响规律,结果表明:准饱和土体的DSCF随着饱和度的增大而减小,衬砌的DSCF基本不受饱和度的影响,而准饱和土体的PPCF则随着饱和度的增大而增大.     

基于突变理论的液化评估方法

作为众多突变类型的一种形式,尖点突变模型由于其优良的性质而广泛应用于生物学和社会科学,近年来又有越来越多的学者用尖点突变模型来研究工程实际问题。本文基于地震液化的基本机理和突变理论的特点,以土体的抗液化能力和土体得到的地震能量为控制变量,以孔隙水压力发展为状态变量,建立了地震诱导的孔隙水压力发展模型。宏观震害调查结果和本文的计算结果对比表明,本文建议的方法方便、可靠,是一种理想的液化评估方法。     

Effect of Vibrations on Pore Fluid Distribution in Porous Media

Understanding the role of shuttle vibrations in pore fluid distribution is an essential task in the exploration of plant growth in root modules aboard space flights. Results from experimental investigations are reported in this paper on the distribution of immiscible fluid phases in glass beads under vibrations. Hexadecane, a petroleum compound immiscible with and lighter than water, was used in the experiments. The higher freezing point of Hexadecane (18 °C) allowed the solidification of the entrapped blobs in the presence of water in porous media, so that their size distribution can be obtained. van Genuchten function, commonly used to express moisture retention curves, is found to be an adequate fit for blob size distribution at residual saturation. The effect of vibrations on the fate (mobilization, stranding, or breakup) of a solitary ganglion in porous media was studied using a network model. A mobility criterion considering viscous, gravity, and capillary forces was developed to determine the fate of a solitary ganglion in a porous medium. It is concluded that the effect of vibrations is to increase the likelihood of breakup and mobilization of blobs entrapped in porous media at residual saturation. The pore fluid distributions after vibrations are less uniform than those before vibrations.     

SPH-based simulation of granular collapse on an inclined bed

The paper presents a numerical model for simulating a granular flow and its deposition on an inclined bed. A granular material is described as an elastic–plastic continuum and its constitutive law, namely Hooke's law, is discretized on the basis of the Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) method. In the equation of motion, however, the artificial viscosity, which is widely used in SPH, is not applied. The diffusive term derived from Hooke's law is introduced with a diffusion coefficient that varies depending on the stress and strain rate based on the Drucker–Prager yield function. The model is verified and validated through two numerical tests. It is shown that the basic elastic–perfectly plastic characteristics are reproduced with a simple shearing test. The effects of the diffusion coefficient and spatial resolution are investigated to show the validity of the model. In the simulation of the gravitational collapse of a granular column on an inclined bed, the performance of the model from the final deposition profile, the time history of the front position of the granular flow, the maximum runout distance, and the velocity profile are investigated for several cases of basal inclinations. The calculated results show good agreement with the experimental results.     

孔隙压力作用下圆形巷道围岩的蠕变分析

在原有的岩土流变理论基础上,与渗流力学原理相结合,考虑孔隙压力及孔隙度在岩石蠕变过程中对于岩体变形的影响,在弹性解答的基础上,通过Laplace变换(对应性原理)得出解析解．在一定的假设条件下,利用弹性力学基本方程、蠕变方程及有效应力原理(Terzaghi有效应力方程),采用H-K体模型作为本构方程,将孔隙压力引入到围岩蠕变方程中．给出在孔隙压力作用下的蠕变曲线,并与不考虑孔隙压力和定孔隙压力条件下蠕变曲线相比,其更接近于实际．     

砖砌烟囱爆破拆除倾倒过程的观测分析

本文通过对砖砌烟囱爆破拆除的实例分析得到,在砖砌烟囱的爆破拆除倾倒过程中,其倾倒支点是不断移动的,随着烟囱主体的不断下沉,相对于未垮部分的烟囱主体来说,该支点沿烟囱筒体不断向上移动。这表明,不能简单地按刚体模型描述砖砌烟囱的倾倒运动。     

Mechanics of water pore formation in lipid membrane under electric field

Transmembrane water pores are crucial for sub-stance transport through cell membranes via membrane fusion, such as in neural communication. However, the molecular mechanism of water pore formation is not clear. In this study, we apply all-atom molecular dynamics and bias-exchange metadynamics simulations to study the pro-cess of water pore formation under an electric field. We show that water molecules can enter a membrane under an electric field and form a water pore of a few nanometers in diame-ter. These water molecules disturb the interactions between lipid head groups and the ordered arrangement of lipids. Fol-lowing the movement of water molecules, the lipid head groups are rotated and driven into the hydrophobic region of the membrane. The reorientated lipid head groups inside the membrane form a hydrophilic surface of the water pore. This study reveals the atomic details of how an electric field influences the movement of water molecules and lipid head groups, resulting in water pore formation.