耐超高温SiC(Al)纤维先驱体——聚铝碳硅烷纤维的研究

以聚硅碳硅烷(PSCS)与乙酰丙酮铝(Al(AcAc)3)为原料,在常压高温条件下反应制备出聚铝碳硅烷(PACS),经过熔融纺丝制备了PACS纤维.应用GPC、IR、XPS、29Si-NMR、27Al-NMR、TG、SEM、元素分析和增重等一系列分析,分别对PACS纤维的微观组成、结构以及性能进行了分析.研究结果表明,以原料质量配比为6∶100(Al(AcAc)3∶PSCS)合成的PACS化学式为SiC2.0H7.5O0.13Al0.018,数均分子量为1700左右,最适宜制备PACS纤维;PACS纤维中主要存在SiC4、SiC3H等结构,同时存在Si—O—Al键;在氮气气氛中,PACS纤维的陶瓷产率达到52%左右;预氧化处理,PACS纤维中Si—H键与空气中的氧反应形成Si—O—Si交联结构,较聚碳硅烷(PCS)纤维易于氧化,经过预氧化的PACS纤维陶瓷产率达到80%左右,是制备耐超高温SiC(Al)陶瓷纤维的合适纤维;用预氧化PACS纤维制备的SiC(OAl)纤维和SiC(Al)纤维抗拉强度高,耐高温性能好.     

Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy study of the effect of pH on anion and cation adsorption onto poly(acrylo‐amidino diethylenediamine)

The role of hydrogen bonding in the chemistry of transition‐metal complexes remains a topic of intense scientific and technological interest. Poly(acrylo‐amidino diethylenediamine) was synthesized to study the effects of hydrogen bonding on complexes at different pHs. The polymer was synthesized through the coupling of diethylene triamine with polyacrylonitrile fiber in the presence of AlCl₃ · 6H₂O addition. The adsorption capacity of this polymer was 11.4 mequiv/g. The ions used for the adsorption test were CrO, PO, Cu²⁺, Ni²⁺, Fe²⁺, and Ag⁺. All experiments were confirmed with Fourier transform infrared. In the study of anion adsorption, at low pHs, only ionic bonds existed, whereas at high pHs, no bonds existed. However, in the middle pH region, both ionic bonds and hydrogen bonds formed between poly(acrylo‐amidino diethylenediamine) and the chromate ion or phosphate ion. When poly(acrylo‐amidino diethylenediamine) and metal ions (Cu²⁺, Ni²⁺, Fe²⁺, and Ag⁺) formed complexes, a hydrogen‐bonding effect was not observed with Fourier transform infrared. The quantity of metal ions adsorbed onto poly(acrylo‐amidino diethylenediamine) followed the order Ag⁺ > Cu²⁺ > Fe²⁺ > Ni²⁺. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 42: 2010–2018, 2004     

Hapten immobilization for antibody sensing using a dynamic modification protocol

Optical fiber (OF) sensors are often limited by the immobilization technique used to associate a specific sensing ligand with the OF surface. This is particularly true when the ligand is biologically active as, for example, in the case of immobilized haptens or antibodies. The dynamic modification protocol is a regenerable and experimentally simple way to immobilize a variety of sensing molecules on an OF surface. Furthermore, the protocol is immune to hydrolysis and not limited by diffusion through a membrane or sol–gel. In this publication the approach is extended by immobilizing the hydrophobic hapten (octadecyl 6-(2,4 dinitrophenyl)aminohexanoic acid) as a means to prepare an OF sensor for antibodies specific for 2,4 dinitrophenyl (DNP). The LOD for anti-DNP is 0.5 nanomolar and the K_apparent is 1.0±0.2×10⁶. Nonspecific antibody adsorption is problematic in this sensing approach and was found to limit the quantitative capabilities of the sensor. However, time discrimination can be used to allow the nonspecific antibody to desorb prior to measurement thus minimizing the influence of nonspecific binding on sensor performance.     

Synthesis and characteristics of novel chelate fiber containing amine and amidine groups

A polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fiber was adopted for the backbone of a chelate polymer and poly(acrylo‐amidino ethylene amine) (PAEA) was prepared through a one‐step reaction between the PAN fiber and ethylenediamine (EDA). The maximum removal capacity and degree of substitution were 7.8 meq per gram of dried PAEA and 98%, respectively. The PAEA was tested as an adsorbent in single and two‐component metal aqueous solutions under changing pH. The Cu²⁺ ion accomplished maximum adsorption amount at pH 3 and the order of maximum adsorbed amounts on PAEA is Cu²⁺ > Ag⁺ > Zn²⁺ > Ni²⁺ > Pb²⁺ in molar basis. FT‐IR spectroscopy was employed to characterize the chemical bonding in metal aqueous solutions and surface morphology was examined using atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Novel Catalytic Dielectric Barrier Discharge Reactor for Gas-Phase Abatement of Isopropanol

Catalytic gas-phase abatement of air containing 250 ppm of isopropanol (IPA) was carried out with a novel dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) reactor with the inner catalytic electrode made of sintered metal fibers (SMF). The optimization of the reactor performance was carried out by varying the voltage from 12.5 to 22.5 kV and the frequency in the range 200–275 Hz. The performance was significantly improved by modifying SMF with Mn and Co oxide. Under the experimental conditions used, the MnO _x /SMF showed a higher activity towards total oxidation of IPA as compared to CoO _x /SMF and SMF electrodes. The complete destruction of 250 ppm of IPA was attained with a specific input energy of ∼235 J/L using the MnO _x /SMF catalytic electrode, whereas, the total oxidation was achieved at 760 J/L. The better performance of the MnO _x /SMF compared to other catalytic electrodes suggests the formation of short-lived active species on its surface by the in-situ decomposition of ozone.     

Synthesis and Characterization of PZT Fibers via Sol-Gel

A fiber forming PZT gel containing 58.5 wt% PZT was synthesized by using zirconium-n-propylate, titanium-iso-propylate, lead acetate and butoxyethanol. Unseeded PZT gels and gels containing 0.5 wt% PZT perovskite seeds (Ø = 200–300 nm) could be extruded through a monofilament nozzle (Ø = 100 m) at pressures between 50 and 150 bar, whereas PZT gels, containing 1 and 2 wt% PZT particles, were pressed through the nozzle at higher pressures (200–300 bar). The microstructure of unseeded and seeded (0.5, 1, 2 wt% PZT) PZT fibers was characterized by SEM. Unseeded fibers had three different shells at 450°C: an external dense shell (approx. 200 nm thick), a middle shell consisting of a porous structure (1.5m thick) and the center of the fiber, characterized by a matrix containing globular particles. At 700°C, a 200–250 nm thick and dense external shell and a porous fiber interior were be observed. 2 wt% of PZT seeds was necessary to densify the fiber completely. The seeds were located in the center of each PZT perovskite rosette.     

Study on microstructure and mechanical properties relationship of short fibers/rubber foam composites

Research on short fibers/rubber foam composites is rarely found in the literature. In this paper, microcellular rubber foams unfilled (MF), strengthened by pretreated short fibers (MFPS) and untreated short fibers (MFUS) are prepared, respectively. The microstructure and mechanical properties of the three composites have been studied via scanning electron microscope (SEM) and mechanical testing, respectively. The SEM results show that both pretreated and untreated short fibers disperse uniformly in the composites and in bidimensional orientation. Moreover, the pretreated short fibers have much better adhesion with the rubber matrix than untreated ones. The experimental results also indicate that the introduction of short fibers is mainly responsible for the great enhancement of most mechanical properties of the microcellular rubber foams, and the good interfacial adhesion of the short fibers with the matrix contributes to the more extensive improvement in the mechanical properties. It is also found that the reinforcement effect of short fibers to compressive modulus strongly depends on the density of microcellular rubber foams, the orientation of short fiber and the deformation ratio. The compressive modulus of microcellular rubber foams at the normalized density less than 0.70 and beyond 0.70 is predicted by the modified Simple Blending Model and the Halpin-Kerner Model, respectively. The theoretically predicted values are in good accordance with the experimental results.     

Preparation of water‐soluble,syndiotacticity‐rich,low molecular weight poly(vinyl alcohol) microfibrils in high yields with the low‐temperature polymerization of vinyl pivalate in tetrahydrofuran and saponification

To prepare water‐soluble, syndiotacticity‐rich poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) microfibrils for various industrial applications, we synthesized syndiotacticity‐rich, low molecular weight PVA by the solution polymerization of vinyl pivalate (VPi) in tetrahydrofuran (THF) at low temperatures with 2,2′‐azobis(2,4‐dimethylvaleronitrile) (ADMVN) as an initiator and successive saponification of poly(vinyl pivalate) (PVPi). Effects of the initiator and monomer concentrations and the polymerization temperature were investigated in terms of the polymerization behaviors and molecular structures of PVPi and the corresponding syndiotacticity‐rich PVA. The polymerization rate of VPi in THF was proportional to the 0.91 power of the ADMVN concentration, indicating the heterogeneous nature of THF polymerization. The low‐temperature solution polymerization of VPi in THF with ADMVN proved to be successful in obtaining water‐soluble PVA with a number‐average degree of polymerization (P_n) of 300–900, a syndiotactic dyad content of 60–63%, and an ultimate conversion of VPi into PVPi of over 75%. Despite the low molecular weight of PVA with P_n = 800, water‐soluble PVA microfibrillar fibers were prepared because of the high level of syndiotacticity. In contrast, for PVA with P_n = 330, shapeless and globular morphologies were observed, indicating that molecular weight has an important role in the in situ fibrillation of syndiotacticity‐rich PVA. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 40: 1103–1111, 2002     

Ultrasound mediation for one-pot sonosynthesis and deposition of magnetite nanoparticles on cotton/polyester fabric as a novel magnetic,photocatalytic, sonocatalytic,antibacterial and antifungal textile

A magnetic cotton/polyester fabric with photocatalytic, sonocatalytic, antibacterial and antifungal activities was successfully prepared through in-situ sonosynthesis method under ultrasound irradiation. The process involved the oxidation of Fe²⁺ to Fe³⁺ via hydroxyl radicals generated through bubbles collapse in ultrasonic bath. The treated samples were analyzed by X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and vibrating sample magnetometry. Photocatalytic and sonocatalytic activities of magnetite treated fabrics were also evaluated toward Reactive Blue 2 decoloration under sunlight and ultrasound irradiation. Central composite design based on response surface methodology was applied to study the influence of iron precursor, pH and surfactant concentration to obtain appropriate amount for the best magnetism. Findings suggested the potential of one-pot sonochemical method to synthesize and fabricate Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles on cotton/polyester fabric possessing appropriate saturation magnetization, 95% antibacterial efficiency against Staphylococcus aureus and 99% antifungal effect against Candida albicans, 87% and 70% dye photocatalytic and sonocatalytic decoloration along with enhanced mechanical properties using only one iron rich precursor at low temperature.     

An Expanded Listing of Revised Q and e Values

Recalculation of reactivity ratios has led to improved Q and e values for a variety of monomers.