直流反应磁控溅射在氮化的蓝宝石衬底上制备AlN薄膜

通过直流磁控反应溅射装置,在蓝宝石(0001)衬底和氮化的蓝宝石(0001)衬底上成功制备了氮化铝(AIN)薄膜。利用X射线衍射仪、原子力学显微镜和双光束扫描分光计,研究了蓝宝石氮化对AIN薄膜结构、应力、晶粒尺寸、形貌和光学性质的影响。X射线衍射研究表明:制备的AIN薄膜具有较强的(0002)择优取向,蓝宝石衬底的氮化不仅能够改善AIN结晶质量,而且还可以减少薄膜的残余应力。但是,原子力学显微镜结果表明:在蓝宝石衬底上制备的AIN薄膜的晶粒大小分布比在氮化的蓝宝石衬底上制备的AIN薄膜的晶粒大小分布更加均匀。我们认为,蓝宝石衬底在氮化的过程中形成的AIN具有过多的位错和缺陷,正是这些位错和缺陷造成了在氮化的蓝宝石衬底上制备的AIN薄膜的晶粒大小分布的不均匀性。吸收光谱显示:蓝宝石衬底的氮化并没有对AIN薄膜的光学性质产生明显的改善。     

Hf-基非晶合金的力学性能研究

 利用MTS810实验机和分离式霍普金森压杆（SHPB）,对Hf_44.5Cu₂₇Ni_13.5Ti₅Al₁₀块体非晶合金进行了准静态和动态压缩实验,应变速率范围为10^-4~10³ s^-1,给出了不同应变速率下非晶合金的应力-应变曲线,并对其压缩断口形貌进行了扫描电镜观察。结果表明：在准静态压缩条件下,Hf_44.5Cu₂₇Ni_13.5Ti₅Al₁₀非晶合金不具有应变速率敏感性,在由放射区和扇形区组成的断口形貌上观察到纳米级韧窝和60 nm左右的周期性条纹结构;在动态压缩条件下,随着应变速率的增加,动态屈服强度明显减小,合金具有应变速率敏感性,同时断裂表面为夹杂着脉络条纹的絮状结构。进一步观察发现,动态压缩断口上存在3种特征断裂形貌：树枝状条纹、典型脉络花纹和合金熔体。     

Wavelet–fractal approach to surface characterization of nanocrystalline ITO thin films

In this study, indium tin oxide (ITO) thin films were prepared by electron beam deposition method on glass substrates at room temperature (RT). Surface morphology characterization of ITO thin films, before and after annealing at 500 °C, were investigated by analyzing the surface profile of atomic force microscopy (AFM) images using wavelet transform formalism. The wavelet coefficients related to the thin film surface profiles have been calculated, and then roughness exponent (α) of the films has been estimated using the scalegram method. The results reveal that the surface profiles of the films before and after annealing process have self-affine nature.     

Structure and stability of the anatase TiO2 (101) and (001) surfaces

Well-defined (101) and (001) surfaces of anatase TiO₂ were studied for the first time by secondary-electron imaging and low-energy electron diffraction. Initially, both surfaces show a crystalline structure corresponding to the bulk anatase phase, buried under an atomically thin contamination layer. After mild sputtering with 500 eV Ne⁺ ions, we have observed a surface phase transition from tetragonal anatase to face-centered cubic titanium monoxide TiO. Subsequent annealing at 900 K restores the (1×1) anatase structure at the (101) surface. On the (001) surface, however, a (1×4) reconstruction appears. The unreconstructed structure can be recovered by exposing the surface to oxygen. These observations demonstrate the stability of the anatase surfaces and illustrate the feasibility of preparing and investigating clean surfaces of this technological important form of TiO₂.     

大脉冲电流下钨铜电极水和空气中的烧蚀特性

针对水中、空气中脉冲放电条件下金属电极烧蚀速率及烧蚀机理差异,对脉冲大电流作用下水中、空气中钨铜电极的烧蚀特性进行了对比研究。在保证放电电流波形一致性的前提下,通过采用高精度天平测量并获取了水中、空气中钨铜电极的阴、阳极烧蚀速率及总烧蚀速率,并对电极表面进行了二次电子观察和背散射电子观察分析。结果表明,大脉冲电流作用下,水中钨铜电极烧蚀较空气中更为严重,钨铜电极的烧蚀主要是金属蒸发引起的汽相侵蚀。由于水介质较空气具有不可压缩性,水中放电电弧集中,电极表面电弧斑点处电流密度和电流作用时间较空气中更为严重,同时由于水中脉冲放电时发生的高温物理化学反应,是造成水中电极烧蚀要高于空气中的根本原因。     

Noise-assisted mound coarsening in epitaxial growth

Two types of mechanisms are proposed for mound coarsening during unstable epitaxial growth: stochastic, due to deposition noise, and deterministic, due to mass currents driven by surface energy differences. Both yield the relation H=(RWL)² between the typical mound height W, mound size L, and the film thickness H. An analysis of simulations and experimental data shows that the parameter R saturates to a value which discriminates sharply between stochastic () and deterministic () coarsening. We derive a scaling relation between the coarsening exponent 1/z and the mound-height exponent which, for a saturated mound slope, yields . Received: 11 November 1997 / Revised in final form: 28 November 1997 / Accepted: 28 November 1997     

AuBe/p-GaP接触体系界面特性随温度变化的研究

微合金条件对M-S接触的表面与界面特性产生重要的影响.借助光电子能谱分析了AuBe/p-GaP接触体系界面组分变化,用扫描电子显微镜观察其表面形貌；从冶金学观点解析了M-S接触界面反应的特征,并对其温度依赖关系进行了讨论.     

心动周期性多普勒波形的平均方法

许多临床上有用的多普勒小以形都是随时产是变化的，但又近似于周期心动周期的周期信号。为准确估计这些多普靳波形，并提取主同灵敏度的特征参数，有必要对它们按心吉期进行平均。     

Kinetics of shape equilibration for two dimensional islands

We study the relaxation to equilibrium of two dimensional islands containing up to 20 000 atoms by Kinetic Monte Carlo simulations. We find that the commonly assumed relaxation mechanism - curvature-driven relaxation via atom diffusion - cannot explain the results obtained at low temperatures, where the island edges consist in large facets. Specifically, our simulations show that the exponent characterizing the dependence of the equilibration time on the island size is different at high and low temperatures, in contradiction with the above cited assumptions. Instead, we propose that - at low temperatures - the relaxation is limited by the nucleation of new atomic rows on the large facets: this allows us to explain both the activation energy and the island size dependence of the equilibration time. Received 7 December 1998 and Received in final form 18 March 1999     

Damage morphology of Kr ion tracks in apatite: dependence on dE/dX

With the aim of characterizing damage along nuclear tracks in apatite, Durango fluoroapatite monocrystals were irradiated under a high fluence ⁸⁶Kr ion beam at the G.A.N.I.L. (Grand Accélérateur National d'Ions Lourds, Caen, France). The resulting irradiation damage was studied by associating CRBS spectrometry and chemical etching. By applying Poisson's law to the backscattering results, the nuclear track average effective radius R_e was calculated for different steps along the ion path. On the other hand, the chemical etching experiments allowed us to deduce three different damaging morphologies in correspondence to the R_e values. For the first time in apatite, it has been shown that a defect fragmentation produced along the ion paths may be detected by chemical etching. These results were also applied to fission tracks in order to quantify the damage rate and to describe the damage morphology evolution along fission fragment paths.