Drag reduction by polymer solutions in a riblet-lined pipe

The flow of 3 to 100 wppm aqueous solutions of a polyethyleneoxide polymer,M _w=6.2×;10⁶, was studied in a 10.2 mm i.d. pipe lined with 0.15 mm V-groove riblets, at diametral Reynolds numbers from 300 to 150000. Measurements in the riblet pipe were accompanied by simultaneous measurements in a smooth pipe of the same diameter placed in tandem. The chosen conditions provided turbulent drag reductions from zero to the asymptotic maximum possible. The onset of polymer-induced drag reduction in the riblet pipe occurred at the same wall shear stress, * _w =0.65 N/m², as that in the smooth pipe. After onset, the polymer solutions in the riblet pipe initially exhibited linear segments on Prandtl-Karman coordinates, akin to those seen in the smooth pipe, with specific slope increment . The maximum drag reduction observed in the riblet pipe was independent of polymer concentration and well below the asymptotic maximum drag reduction observed in the smooth pipe. Polymer solution flows in the riblet pipe exhibited three regimes: (i) Hydraulically smooth, in which riblets induced no drag reduction, amid varying, and considerable, polymer-induced drag reduction; this regime extended to non-dimensional riblet heightsh ⁺<5 in solvent andh ⁺<10 in polymer solutions. (ii) Riblet drag reduction, in which riblet-induced flow enhancementR>0; this regime extended from 5<h ⁺<22 in solvent and from 10<h ⁺<30 in the 3 wppm polymer solution, with respective maximaR=0.6 ath ⁺=14 andR=1.6 ath ⁺=21. Riblet drag reduction decreased with increasing polymer concentration and increasing polymer-induced flow enhancement S. (iii) Riblet drag enhancement, whereinR<0; this regime extended for 22<h ⁺<110 in solvent, withR;–2 forh ⁺>70, and was observed in all polymer solutions at highh ⁺, the more so as polymer-induced drag reduction increased, withR<0 for allS>8. The greatest drag enhancement in polymer solutions,R=–7±1 ath ⁺=55 whereS=20, considerably exceeded that in solvent. Three-dimensional representations of riblet- and polymer-induced drag reductions versus turbulent flow parameters revealed a hitherto unknown dome region, 8<h ⁺<31, 0<S<10, 0<R<1.5, containing a broad maximum at (h ⁺,S,R) = (18, 5, 1.5). The existence of a dome was physically interpreted to suggest that riblets and polymers reduce drag by separate mechanisms.     

高压环境条件下注浆模型试验系统设计

注浆工程常常在高地层压力、高水压力的地质环境条件下进行(如煤矿堵水或注浆加固工程)。为了研究高压环境条件下注浆浆液的渗流扩散特征,作者研制了可形成5MPa以上高压环境的注浆试验系统。该试验系统由四个功能模块组成,并可分为四个设备子系统。该试验系统的核心设备高压注浆模型试验装置中应用压力传导管解决了高压罐体内部监测设计所遇到的尺寸效应、传感器防腐、高压密封等难题。     

两不等直径圆柱高雷诺数时均风力场的数值模拟

圆柱间气动干扰研究具有重要的理论和现实意义. 尽管国内外开展了圆柱组合风效应的风洞试验研究, 但主要针对等直径圆柱, 并且雷诺数多为10$^{5}$以下. 考虑到工程结构风场的高雷诺数特征, 采用数值模拟方法, 模拟两不等直径圆柱在串列、并列及交错排列下的高雷诺数($Re=4.5\times 10^{5}$)时均绕流场. 通过改变组合的间距和风向, 分析探讨两柱阻力、升力及总风力的变化规律.     

不同管径氧化钛纳米管层的微动磨损性能

利用阳极氧化法在纯钛表面制备了3组平均内径不同的TiO2纳米管层试样,用扫描电子显微镜、硬度仪和轮廓仪对试样表面形貌、显微硬度、纳米硬度和粗糙度进行测试.在大气环境里,以球/平面接触方式,对摩偶件为超高分子聚乙烯球,采用PLINT高精度液压伺服式微动磨损试验机,分别在4种法向载荷下,对试样进行微动磨损试验.结果表明:随法向载荷的增加,同一摩擦副的摩擦系数降低;TiO2纳米管层的存在降低了钛与UHMWPE之间的摩擦系数,在不同载荷下纳米管层表面的摩擦系数均随管径的增大而增大,但低于无纳米管层的对照组;与UHMWPE对摩,TiO2纳米管层有很好的承载、抗剥离和耐磨性能;摩擦副的主要磨损机理为磨粒磨损、UHMWPE塑变导致的表层材料损失.     

用移动元胞自动机法模拟杆式穿甲弹长细比对侵彻过程的影响

用移动元胞自动机法(movablecellularautomata,MCA)计算了质量和速度相同、长细比不同的杆 式穿甲弹对侵彻过程影响的实例,计算结果与实验符合。移动元胞自动机法能较好模拟爆炸和高速穿甲侵彻 中材料瞬间的变形﹑破碎和飞散过程。     

Experiments on the Onset of Impacting Motion Using a Pipe Conveying Fluid

The transition from stable periodic nonimpacting motion to impacting motion, due to variations of parameters, is observable in a wide range of vibro-impact systems. Recent theoretical studies suggest a possible scenario for this type of transition. A key element in the proposed scenario is fulfilled if the oscillatory motion involved in the transition is born in a supercritical Hopf bifurcation. If the onset of impacting motion is close to the Hopf bifurcation, the impacting motion is likely to be chaotic. A numerical simulation of a system of articulated pipes conveying fluid is used to illuminate the theory. An experimental setup is presented, where a cantilevered pipe conveying fluid is unilaterally constrained. Results from experiments are found to be in good qualitative agreement with the theory.     

Fluid flow in a helical pipe

Without simplifying the N-S equations of Germano's^[5], we study the flow in a helical circular pipe employing perturbation method. A third perturbation solution is fully presented. The first- second- and third-order effects of curvature κ and torsion τ on the secondary flow and axial velocity are discussed in detail. The first-order effect of curvature is to form two counter-rotating cells of the secondary flow and to push the maximum axial velocity to the outer bend. The two cells are pushed to the outer bend by the pure second-order effect of curvature. The combined higher-order (second-, third-) effects of curvature and torsion, are found to be an enlargement of the lower vortex of the secondary flow at expense of the upper one and a clockwise shift of the centers of the secondary vortices and the location of maximum axial velocity. When the axial pressure gradient is small enough or the torsion is sufficiently larger than the curvature, the location of the maximal axial velocity is near the inner bend. The equation of the volume flux is obtained from integrating the perturbation solutions of axial velocity. From the equation the validity range of the perturbation solutions in this paper can be obtained and the conclusion that the three terms of torsion have no effect on the volume flux can easily be drawn. When the axial pressure gradient is less than 22.67, the volume flux in a helical pipe is larger than that in a straight pipe.     

圆管过渡流态的间歇因子

用激光测速方法研究圆管流动的湍流间歇现象．实验表明,间歇湍流首先在管壁发生,逐渐向下游扩张．随着雷诺数的增加,间歇因子γ＝０．５的转捩界面逐渐向入口推移,一直到Ｒｅ＝９８８７,整个管流才变成间歇湍流和充分湍流     

波动钻压下阶梯钻柱系统稳定性研究

处于狭长井筒中的钻柱,其动力响应受到钻具组合、内外钻井液流动以及钻井参数等因素的影响,钻柱动力失稳导致的剧烈振动是井壁坍塌和钻具失效的重要原因.考虑到钻杆和钻铤在刚度和线密度上存在很大的差别,论文将钻柱简化为单阶梯输液管柱,钻井液沿着钻柱内部向下泵入并从环空返回地面.耦合考虑钻柱自重、随时间简谐变化的波动钻压、稳定器以及钻井液的水动力和阻尼力,建立了直井中钻柱横向振动的解析模型.利用有限单元法离散为四阶常微分方程后,采用Bolotin法得到临界频率方程确定系统的不稳定区范围,研究了钻压、钻杆长度、稳定器安装位置、钻井液的流速和密度等参数对系统稳定性影响的机理.研究表明:钻压的平均值和波动幅值都是钻柱失稳的驱动因素,而系统的稳定性对处于受拉状态的钻杆的长度变化不敏感.在论文所研究的参数范围内,降低钻井液流速和密度、下移稳定器的安装位置均有助于增强系统的稳定性.     

考虑股线接触与摩擦行为的710 mm2碳纤维复合芯导线(ACCC)股线损伤分析

利用扫描电镜观察710 mm~2碳纤维复合芯导线(ACCC)过滑车试验后股线的磨损形貌,分析滑车底径对股线损伤的影响及股线损伤机制.同时,考虑股线间的接触与摩擦行为,建立导线全尺寸模型进行导线过滑车非线性动力学有限元分析.试验结果表明:导线过滑车后股线出现塑性变形与磨损,在股线表面初始磨损处以黏着磨损的形式扩展,且股线损伤随滑车底径的增大有所改善;数值分析表明:股线等效塑性应变与摩擦能量损耗开始于导线过滑车时的弯曲过程,且随滑车底径增大而减小,股线损伤的模拟结果与试验情况吻合.在此基础上,研究股线间摩擦系数对股线损伤影响,得到股线损伤随摩擦系数的减小而减小.研究初步认为滑车底径为30倍导线直径时股线损伤在可接受范围内.