聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯/聚甲基丙烯酸-2-羟乙酯复合微球的合成及药物吸放性能

采用在甲基丙烯酸甲酯（MMA）悬浮聚合过程中滴加甲基丙烯酸-2-羟乙酯（HEMA）乳液聚合组分的悬浮-乳液耦合聚合方法,制备了大粒径聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯／聚甲基丙烯酸-2-羟乙酯（PMMA／PHEMA）复合微球。PMMA／PHEMA复合微球表面以HEMA乳液聚合物为主,且具有微孔结构。PMMA／PHEMA复合微球在水和苄醇中的平衡溶胀率大于PMMA微球。PMMA／PHEMA复合微球48h异丁苯丙酸负载百分比为35．6％,PMMA为27．6％。在磷酸盐缓冲液中释放时间达到360h,释放量占负载总量的82％;而PMMA微球的释放时间为216h,释放量仅占负载总量的60％。     

Morphology of polyethylene–carbon black composites

Carbon black is a common polymer additive that is used for reinforcement and for its ability to enhance physical properties, such as conductivity. This article pertains to an X‐ray scattering (SAXS) study of a conductive grade of carbon black and carbon black–polymer composites. The scattering pattern for such blacks displays a surface‐fractal‐like power‐law decay over many decades in scattering vector q. It is often assumed that small‐angle scattering from carbon black aggregates can be described in terms of surface‐fractal models, related to particles with fractally rough surfaces. Such self‐similar surface roughness is usually easy to identify by microscopy; however, electron microscopy from these blacks fails to support this assumption. It is proposed here that this apparent surface‐fractal scattering actually represents a more complicated morphology, including overlapping structural features and a power‐law scaling of polydispersity. One use of conductive black–polyethylene composites is in circuit protection devices where resistive heating leads to a reversible association of carbon black aggregates that controls switching between a conductive and a nonconductive state. Scattering can be used as an in situ tool to observe the morphological signature of this reversible structural change. Scattering patterns support a model for this switching based on local enhancement of concentration and the formation of linear agglomerates associated with the matrix polymer's semicrystalline morphology. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci B: Polym Phys 37: 1105–1119, 1999     

Details of surface features in aromatic polyamide reverse osmosis membranes characterized by scanning electron and atomic force microscopy

In the present article, some new events on the surface morphology of the aromatic polyamide thin‐film‐composite (TFC) membranes were demonstrated in conjunction with their inherent chemical nature. In addition, the detailed, quantitative understanding of the microscopic surface features was shown to be essential in controlling the water permeability and eventually developing the high performance membranes. The surface roughness and the surface area were mainly affected by the existence or nonexistence of the crosslinking and/or the free amide groups not pertinent to the formation of the hydrogen bonding, which in turn contributed to the water permeability. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci B: Polym Phys 37: 1429–1440, 1999     

Calorimetric and dielectric effects during polymerization of an elastomer‐containing mixture and liquid‐liquid phase separation

Calorimetry and dielectric spectroscopy of an elastomer, amine terminated butadiene acrylonitrile (ATBN), dissolved in a stoichiometric mixture of ethylene diamine and diglycidyl ether of bisphenol‐A, were studied in real time during the polymerization and phase separation of the mixture. In the two polymer compositions containing 8 w/w % ATBN and 20 w/w % ATBN, the total enthalpy released per mole of DGEBA's reaction was the same, indicating indetectably small changes in molecular interactions before and after the phase separation. The dielectric relaxation spectra showed no evidence for phase separation, which indicated a gradual phase separation with time and the extent of polymerization, and relatively small differences in the permittivity and conductivity between the ATBN particles and the network matrix at the time of phase separation. The equilibrium permittivity and dc conductivity showed a nonideal mixing of ATBN. The stretched exponential relaxation parameter remained at 0.36, but the characteristic dielectric relaxation time and the dc conductivity increased on addition of ATBN. An increase in the temperature had a greater effect on the relaxation time than the increase in the extent of polymerization. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci B: Polym Phys 37: 1911–1919, 1999     

化学沉积Ni-P-Al2O3和Ni-P-SiC复合材料的微观组织与物理性能

采用化学沉积方法,可以制备以镍磷合金为基质的复合硬质相粒子的复合材料［１］．镍磷合金颇受青睐之处在于可以调整成分和时效处理温度来改变其组织结构,进而获得广泛变化的性能［２,３］．本文报道化学沉积获得的ＮｉＰ氧化铝和ＮｉＰ碳化硅复合材料的微观组织与...     

聚烯丙醇/SiO2有机无机杂化材料的研究

制备;溶胶-凝胶工艺;聚烯丙醇/SiO2有机无机杂化材料的研究     

用飞行时间二次离子质谱法分析模塑料成分

用飞行时间二次离子质谱（ＴＯＦ－ＳＩＭＳ）结合银离化的方法研究了集成电路封装中常用的环氧模塑料的两种主要成分：邻甲酚环氧树脂和线型酚醛树脂。测得ｎ＝０～４的环氧树脂分子及相应的水解成分和ｎ＝１～７的酚醛树脂分子。碎片离子中除了芳香化合物的特征碎片外,还有反映树脂结构的碎片。通过对环氧树脂银离化碎片离子的分析,推断中间苯环上的侧链是最可能断裂的     

Development of silicon nitride fiber from Si-containing polymer by radiation curing and its application

A silicon nitride fiber (Si₃N₄) was synthesized from polycarbosilane (PCS) fiber by radiation application. PCS fibers were cured by electron beam (EB) irradiation in a helium gas atmosphere prior to the pyrolysis. The cured PCS fiber was converted to Si₃N₄ ceramic fiber with flexibility by nitridation in ammonia gas at a high temperature of 500–1000°C. The obtained Si₃N₄ fibre showed a high heat resistance up to 1300°C, a high tensile strength of 2 GPa and excellent electrical resistivity of 10¹³ Ω cm. The ceramic fiber was fabricated to cloth and applied for electric wire insulator. The wire cable is flexible and can be applied at a high temperature atmosphere of around 1000°C.     

基于聚多巴胺的氮掺杂碳材料的制备及其电化学性能

多孔碳材料由于高的比表面积、优异的电子传导率、良好的化学稳定性等优点在超级电容器电极材料领域被广泛研究。 碳材料的组成及表面孔结构直接影响其电化学性能,为进一步提高碳材料的电容性能,本文首次以聚多巴胺球为前体,KOH为活化剂,通过高温碳化成功制备了良好电化学性能的氮掺杂多孔碳材料。 通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、 X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)和Raman光谱等对所制备的氮掺杂多孔碳材料进行了形貌及结构组成的表征。 在6 mol/L KOH电解液中, 采用循环伏安、恒电流充放电对多孔碳材料的电化学性能进行了研究。 结果表明,由于双电层电容和赝电容的协同作用,在电流密度为1 A/g时,材料的比电容可达269 F/g,充放电循环1000圈后电容仍可保留初始值的93.5%。     

锂离子电池Sb基负极材料研究进展

Sb基材料作为一类合金机制的锂离子电池负极材料,因具有比容量高、安全性好等优点受到广泛关注。 然而,由于Sb基负极材料在充放电过程中的体积效应和本身导电性较差等问题导致的循环性能不理想,制约了其作为锂离子电池负极材料的商业化应用。 本文综述了近年来在锂离子电池Sb基各类负极材料方面的研究进展,重点介绍了它们的反应机理、合成方法及电化学性能,并对Sb基负极材料的发展方向进行了展望。