锥头弹丸撞击下FRP层合板的侵彻与穿透的理论研究

 研究了锥头弹丸撞击下FRP层合板的侵彻和穿透性能,在局部化破坏模式假定的基础上改进了Wen提出的能量简化分析模型。改进模型仍假设弹体在侵彻过程中表面所受靶体的平均压力由靶体材料弹塑性变形所引起的静态阻力和速度效应引起的动阻力两部分组成,认为侵彻过程中靶体对弹体的阻力不再是一个常数,而是侵彻速度的函数。并由此推导出了锥头弹丸在侵彻和贯穿过程中的侵彻深度、残余速度和弹道极限速度的公式。理论预测与实验结果符合得很好。     

基于速度势侵彻模型的应用研究

 研究了Rubin等人提出的基于Rankine卵形体速度势函数分析的侵彻模型。根据该侵彻模型的基本方法编制了计算程序,计算头部形状为锥形、卵形和球形的长杆弹体垂直碰撞靶板时的侵彻深度和穿透靶板后的剩余速度,分析侵彻模型对不同头部形状的长杆弹体的适用性。另外,利用该分析方法计算并分析了卵形头部长杆弹体对铝靶侵彻和穿透的缩比模型问题,用分析方法验证了无量纲侵彻深度和剩余速度相等的侵彻几何相似规律,同时得到了弹体减加速度与几何尺寸成反比的重要结论。最后对混凝土靶板的侵彻与穿透问题进行了尝试计算,得到了同实验基本一致的计算结果并对其进行了深入分析。     

平头弹穿透间隙式双层靶的穿甲模式

平头弹贯穿单层金属靶,随着靶厚的增加和弹速的增高,穿甲模式均可能由剪切冲塞向绝热剪切冲塞转换。因此,对于双层或多层靶的穿甲,其不同层的靶板失效模式可能是不同的。本文中对相关的平头弹穿甲Weldox 700E单层及双层间隙式钢靶的实验数据进行分析,讨论其穿甲模式。弹速较高时,贯穿第1层靶发生绝热剪切失效,弹速降低,贯穿第2层靶板发生绝热剪切失效或剪切冲塞失效, 最终失效模式为绝热剪切和剪切冲塞混杂。     

腹板开孔的冷弯槽形轴压构件试验研究

腹板开孔是冷弯薄壁构件中一个较新的构造形式。孔的存在导致薄膜应力的重新分布,影响构件的屈曲特性和承载能力,使得无孔构件的分析与设计公式不再适用于开孔构件,因此有必要研究开孔构件。本文选取冷弯薄壁型钢中主要的承力构件形式卷边槽钢构件,对两端简支、腹板开单孔的中长柱进行了轴心受力性能的试验研究,对比进行了未开孔构件的试验。通过对比发现两类构件的受力特性有着明显的差异,开孔构件的承载力有所降低。将两类构件的试验结果分别与理论分析、ANSYS模拟结果进行对比和分析,讨论了两类构件受力性能及承载力不同的原因。根据不同开孔尺寸试件的试验结果可知,开孔构件的极限承载力随着开孔高度、宽度的增大而下降。     

厚壁压力管道侧向冲击破坏的实验研究

本文报导了三跨连续压力管道侧向受平头、半球头及锥头弹体冲击破坏的实验研究结果,管的外径为45mm,厚度为3mm,内充液体压力分别为0MPa,5MPa,10MPa,15MPa和20MPa五级,获得了不同工况下的临界破坏速度及相应的破坏模式,实验过程中测量并记录了圆管的变形、冲击力时程曲线。实验结果表明,内充介质的存在降低了临界破坏能量,同时临界破坏能量随内充介质压力的增加而减小。     

钢纤维混凝土抗侵彻与贯穿特性的实验研究

为考察素混凝土及钢纤维混凝土（钢纤维为平直型与端钩型,体积分数0.01~0.05）抗侵彻贯穿特性,采用12.7 mm弹道炮-测速靶系统开展了初速297~848 m/s的弹道冲击实验,获得了弹丸着靶速度及对应的最大侵彻深度、弹坑直径、靶体（板）破坏形态等实验参数,并利用高速摄影系统记录了靶体（板）的动态破坏过程。实验结果的对比表明,靶板的抗侵彻贯穿性能和破坏模式与钢纤维类型及含量密切相关。当钢纤维体积分数为0.05时,端钩型钢纤维混凝土的侵彻深度与相同强度等级素混凝土相比降低约52%,且贯穿破坏后靶板碎片的数量及飞散角度大幅降低,显示了高含量异型钢纤维混凝土在抗侵彻贯穿方面的适用性。     

Possibility of determining the quality of well perforation by local acoustic probing

A theoretical problem of local acoustic probing of a perforated segment of the well is considered. The effect of porosity and permeability of the porous medium surrounding the well and the quality of perforation (porosity, length, and radius of perforation channels) on the velocity and the coefficient of decay of harmonic waves and on the evolution of finite-duration waves propagating in the perforated segment is studied. __________ Translated from Prikladnaya Mekhanika i Tekhnicheskaya Fizika, Vol. 50, No. 1, pp. 52–57, January–February, 2009.     

非等比例缩比侵彻/贯穿相似规律研究

高速侵彻弹体的弹载部件/关键元器件的生存性与可靠性考核是引战系统研制领域的热点与难点问题,受原型试验的成本限制,利用缩比弹体搭载原型引信部件开展非等比例缩比试验研究是可行途径。针对传统等比例缩比方案无法满足弹体刚体过载相似性要求的情况,研究了非等比例缩比侵彻/贯穿相似规律,提出了非等比例缩比侵彻试验设计方法。数值计算结果表明：侵彻半无限厚混凝土靶条件下,非等比例缩比弹刚体过载的脉宽、幅值均可实现与原型弹刚体过载一致的加载条件;贯穿多层薄靶的条件下,通过调节靶板布置及弹体初速等试验工况,合理设计缩比弹体结构,可使非等比例缩比试验的弹体刚体过载峰值和脉宽覆盖原型试验。通过缩比模型试验得到的刚体过载特性可以为弹体及引信部件抗过载防护设计提供可靠的参考依据。

     

Predictions and observations of the flow field induced by laminar flow control microperforations

Hybrid laminar flow control (HLFC) aims to reduce aircraft skin friction drag by controlling the boundary-layer characteristics through a combination of surface suction and surface profile shaping. Suction is applied through an array of microperforations in the surface; and, to enable HLFC design criteria to be established with confidence, a full understanding of how these suction perforations affect the boundary layer is required. The objective of this paper is to predict the flow field induced by surface suction through single and multiple rows of microperforations, at transonic cruise conditions. A broad range of cases are studied for a variety of geometric and flow configurations by solving the compressible, laminar, Navier-Stokes equations. The geometric parameters considered are perforation diameter, inclination to the surface, and perforation duct profile. The flow parameters consist of the boundary-layer displacement thickness and suction mass flow rate through the hole. From the predictions and analyses of the results, a wide variety of flow field patterns and features are observed; including longitudinal vortices, streamline curvature, large cross-flow velocities, inherently unstable velocity profiles, and a recirculation region at the perforation entrance. The perforation inlet shape is found to have a minimal effect on the induced flow field, but the level of streamwise vorticity is increased for inclined perforations. The size and shape of the sucked stream tube, which is currently used to predict the critical suction velocity, also is determined. For multiple rows of perforations, the flow field characteristics are shown to be influenced by significant interhole effects. The mass flow rate characteristics of microperforations are found to be insensitive to the ratio of hole diameter to boundary-layer displacement thickness. Also, conical bore holes are shown to provide substantial static pressure recovery due to diffusion effects.