硅酸铋(BSO)晶体闪烁性能研究

报道对BSO晶体闪烁性能研究的若干结果. 包括晶体的激发光谱和荧光光谱、光产额、发光衰减时间和抗辐照能力等特性.     

三轴应力下花岗岩加载破坏的能量演化和损伤特征

为揭示不同围压下硬岩在破坏过程中的力学性质和能量演化规律,基于RMT-150B岩石力学试验系统对花岗岩试样进行不同围压条件下常规三轴压缩试验。研究结果表明:岩样的峰值应力和围压具有较强的线性关系,利用Mohr-Coulomb强度准则求出花岗岩的黏聚力为23.548 MPa,内摩擦角为57.629°。围压对花岗岩加载破坏过程中能量演化的影响显著,岩石的峰值能量、弹性应变能以及耗散能都随着围压的增大而增大,且两者呈线性增加关系。根据岩石的线性储能规律,提出了确定岩石应力阈值的方法。围压越大,起裂应力和扩容应力越大,且岩样起裂点处与扩容点处的能量也越大;当围压较低时,岩石破坏前储存的能量较少,破坏时能量释放速率低,岩样表现为典型低劈裂破坏;在高围压情况下,能量快速释放,岩样表现为剪切破坏。基于能量演化规律,提出了岩石损伤演化模型,得到了花岗岩的损伤变量D在不同围压下加载破坏过程中的演化规律。     

Effects of low-LET radiations on CR-39 track detector

The effects of Co-60 gamma-rays and about 25-MeV pulsed electrons have been investigated on CR-39 plastic nuclear track detector. The bulk etch rate was measured as a function of the absorbed dose under three different irradiation conditions; gamma-ray exposure in air at the dose rate of 6 kGy/h, that in vacuum and electron shower in air at 126 kGy/h on average. It was found that the bulk etch rate (V) increased nearly exponentially with the dose (D); V=V₀exp(kD), and the characteristic parameter (k) was 35, 9 and 12 MGy⁻¹, respectively. It is considered that a lack of oxygen in damage formation processes could occur momentarily during a short electron pulse, just similarly to the vacuum effect of reduction in track etch rates in outgassed CR-39 plastic.     

Behavior of concrete cylinders confined by carbon-composite tapes and prestressed yarns 1. Experimental data

The results of a comprehensive test program for the mechanical behavior of round concrete specimens confined by carbon-fiber epoxy tapes and prestressed carbon yarns are reported. Five different concrete batches of compressive strength from 20 to 100 MPa and the confinement of various thickness and pretension level were investigated. The specimens, which were subjected to monotonic or repeated compressive loadings, showed a nonlinear stress-strain behavior with a significant ductility and increased ultimate strength, in contrary to the brittle behavior of plain concrete. The limit of linearity on the stress-strain diagrams of the confined concrete roughly coincided with the ultimate strength of plain concrete. Above this limit, the damage accumulation and plastic deformations proceeded in the confined specimens. This fact was evidenced by the increasing slope of deformation diagrams in unloadings and repeated loadings and by the pronounced residual strains. The limit of linearity could be raised significantly by pretension of the carbon yarns during their winding. Russian translation published in Mekhanika Kompozitnykh Materialov, Vol. 42, No. 1, pp. 21–44, January–February, 2006.     

Radiation damage from EELS and NEXAFS in diesel soot and diesel soot extracts

Carbon NEXAFS and EELS spectra of soot, and NEXAFS spectra of soot extracts, are presented. The EELS spectra of solid soot particles from a TEM-EELS show fewer structures than the corresponding NEXAFS spectra obtained at two different synchrotron beamlines. We attribute radiation damage in the TEM-EELS to the failure at resolving structures of surface functional carbon groups in or on soot. NEXAFS spectra of soot extracts studied with a scanning transmission X-ray microscope show alterations during X-ray exposure, which can be explained by a simple chemical model where oxygen apparently reacts with the sample. When the same extract is studied in an ultrahigh-vacuum beamline, no such alterations are observed.     

基于累积损伤过程的不完全预防维护决策

基于累积损伤过程研究旧系统的不完全预防维护策略,冲击服从非时齐Poisson过程,并产生随机的损伤量,损伤量是加法累加的.系统在累积损伤量达到k或系统运行年龄达到T时进行计划内预防维护.在两次计划内预防维护之间,当累积损伤量达到预定水平K (k K)时,对系统进行计划外维护,其费用高于计划内预防维护,利用再生过程理论得到单位时间维护成本,讨论在时齐Poisson过程下的时间预防维护策略与水平预防维护策略,同时给出算例.     

Annealing effects on structure and laser-induced damage threshold of Ta2O5/SiO2 dielectric mirrors

The effects of annealing on structure and laser-induced damage threshold (LIDT) of Ta₂O₅/SiO₂ dielectric mirrors were investigated. Ta₂O₅/SiO₂ multilayer was prepared by ion beam sputtering (IBS), then annealed in air under the temperature from 100 to 400 °C. Microstructure of the samples was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD). Absorption of the multilayer was measured by surface thermal lensing (STL) technique. The laser-induced damage threshold was assessed using 1064 nm free pulsed laser at a pulse length of 220 μs.

It was found that the center wavelength shifted to long wavelength gradually as the annealing temperature increased, and kept its non-crystalline structure even after annealing. The absorbance of the reflectors decreased after annealing. A remarkable increase of the laser-induced damage threshold was found when the annealing temperature was above 250 °C.     

高压水射流作用下岩石破碎机理及过程的数值模拟研究

根据连续介质力学和有限元理论,给出了高压水射流破岩系统中流体和岩石的控制方程,并建立了相应的有限元列式．运用连续损伤力学和细观损伤力学理论,建立了适用于水射流破岩全过程分析的岩石损伤模型以及宏细观损伤的耦合模式．数值计算的结果较真实地反映了水射流破岩过程中,岩石的动态响应以及水射流动力学特性的演化过程,普通连续水射流破碎岩石主体所用的时间为毫秒量级,破岩的主要形式是卸载及射流冲击所产生的拉伸破坏,并呈“阶跃式”发展．数值计算与相关试验结果基本吻合,表明该分析方法是可行的,可用来指导高压水射流破岩理论的进一步研究及应用．     

准分子激光全固态脉冲电源设计与实验研究

针对脉冲能量5~8 mJ的ArF准分子激光器,设计了基于可控硅开关结合三级磁脉冲压缩开关的全固态脉冲电源,采用国产可控硅和磁开关材料,获得了上升时间约150 ns,电压10~14 kV,传递能量0.35~0.68 J的激励脉冲,并实现了对准分子激光器快放电激励。三级磁开关总效率35%,分析表明磁开关损耗较大主要原因为电容能量转移不充分、导线铜损及磁芯材料铁损较大,并提出了相应改进办法。     

熔石英亚表面横向划痕调制作用的3维模拟

建立了熔石英后表面3维横向划痕模型,并采用3维时域有限差分方法对熔石英亚表面划痕周围的电场强度进行了数值模拟,分析了划痕宽度、深度、长度以及划痕倾斜角度对入射光场的调制作用,结果表明：随划痕深度和划痕长度的增加,熔石英内的最大电场强度增大,且当划痕长度达到1 μm以上时,最大电场强度趋于稳定;划痕结构因子在1～2之间的划痕较容易引起熔石英损伤;而入射激光在划痕界面和后表面之间发生内全反射时,后表面上的光强增强效果更加明显,因此减少角度范围在20.9°～45°之内的划痕能大幅提高熔石英的损伤阈值。