SiO2保护膜对高反膜激光损伤特性的改善

 为了研究高功率系统中高反膜的损伤机制,对高功率系统中最常用的基频高反膜进行了损伤实验。利用台阶仪、扫描电镜、表面轮廓仪等手段,对实验样品的典型损伤形貌进行了比较和分析。结果表明：保护膜的存在增强了样品的抗激光损伤能力;未加保护膜样品的典型破坏形貌是由材料热物特性差异导致的分层剥落损伤,这类损伤在后续的脉冲辐照下会迅速发展;有保护膜样品的典型破坏形貌是中心带有μm量级小坑的等离子体烧蚀损伤区,其主要是由缺陷受热力作用喷溅导致,小坑附近膜面的凸起是这种力学作用的宏观体现,这类损伤在后续的脉冲辐照中表现得相对比较稳定。保护膜的存在,在一定程度上抑制了分层剥落这种灾难性损伤的出现,改善了样品的损伤特性。     

HfO_2单层膜的吸收和激光损伤阈值测试

薄膜吸收是降低膜层激光损伤阈值的重要原因,为了研究薄膜吸收对激光损伤阈值的影响,对HfO2单层膜在1 064 nm处的吸收及其在不同波长激光辐照下的损伤阈值进行了测试和分析。研究结果表明:薄膜的激光损伤阈值由薄膜吸收平均值(决定于薄膜中缺陷的种类和数量)和吸收均匀性(决定于薄膜中缺陷的分布)共同决定;根据HfO2单层膜在1064 nm波长处的吸收值,不但可以定性判断薄膜在1 064 nm波长,而且还可以判断在其它波长激光辐照下的抗激光损伤能力。     

紫外Sc_2O_3薄膜的光学和结构性能表征及其激光作用下的损伤机理

利用电子束蒸发方法,在不同沉积温度(50~350℃)下制备了Sc2O3薄膜。分别用分光光度计,小角掠入射X射线衍射仪和轮廓仪测试了薄膜样品的光谱、微结构和表面粗糙度信息,并用薄膜分析软件Essential Macleod计算了Sc2O3薄膜的折射率和消光系数。结果表明:随着沉积温度升高,Sc2O3薄膜结晶程度增强,晶粒尺寸增大,且较高的沉积温度有利于获得较高的折射率。最后用355 nm,8 ns的三倍频Nd:YAG激光器测试了其激光损伤阈值(LIDT),最大值为2.6 J/cm2,且阈值与薄膜的消光系数、表面粗糙度、光学损耗均呈现相反的变化趋势。用光学显微镜和扫描电子显微镜表征了该薄膜的破坏形貌,详细分析了薄膜在不同激光能量作用下破坏的发展过程,以及Sc2O3薄膜在355 nm紫外激光作用下LIDT与制备工艺的关系,重点分析了355 nm激光作用下薄膜的破坏机理。     

卫星太阳能电池阵破损自动检测系统的研究

介绍了国内首次研制的卫星太阳能电池阵破损自动检测系统的检测原理、系统结构与设计及现场试用结果。系统采用专用照明系统,电池阵列经光学系统清晰成像至CCD传感器上,经信号放大、A/D转换后输入计算机管理和控制系统。图像传感探头自动扫描整块电池板,并由距离传感器控制,始终保持采集图像清晰。利用特有的系统控制和检测软件,处理每幅电池图像信息,检测结果通过列表形式给出损伤电池的位置、破损类型、破损度等参数。现场试验结果表明:该系统的检出率达98.5%以上,检测速度为每分钟20片电池,达到了快速、高精度、自动化检测太阳能电池阵的使用要求。     

卫星太阳能电池阵破损自动检测系统的研究

介绍了国内首次研制的卫星太阳能电池阵破损自动检测系统的检测原理、系统结构与设计及现场试用结果。系统采用专用照明系统,电池阵列经光学系统清晰成像至CCD传感器上,经信号放大、A/D转换后输入计算机管理和控制系统。图像传感探头自动扫描整块电池板,并由距离传感器控制,始终保持采集图像清晰。利用特有的系统控制和检测软件,处理每幅电池图像信息,检测结果通过列表形式给出损伤电池的位置、破损类型、破损度等参数。现场试验结果表明:该系统的检出率达98.5%以上,检测速度为每分钟20片电池,达到了快速、高精度、自动化检测太阳能电池阵的使用要求。     

多功能抗激光损伤高反射膜

为了能同时满足半导体激光器和YAG激光器对薄膜的特殊要求,在分析高反射膜理论的基础上,选取TiO2和SiO2为高、低折射率材料镀制了周期性多层介质高反射膜。研究了材料的光学及机械特性,重点解决了薄膜的消偏振和抗激光损伤问题。实验采用电子束真空镀膜并加以考夫曼离子源辅助沉积,利用TFC软件进行膜系设计,通过调整镀膜工艺参数和监控方法,在10mm×1．8mm的K9基底上镀制了符合要求的高反射膜,结果表明,当激光以45°入射时,薄膜在900～1100nm的P光与s光的反射率均大于99．95％。所制备的高反射膜性能稳定,抗激光损伤阈值高,能同时满足两种激光器的使用要求。     

Surface studies on bimetallic thiocyanate ligand based single crystals of MnHg(SCN)4, CdHg(SCN)4 and ZnCd(SCN)4

Bimetallic SCN ligand based single crystals of manganese mercury thiocyanate (MMTC), cadmium mercury thiocyanate (CMTC) and zinc cadmium thiocyanate (ZCTC) are grown by slow solvent evaporation technique. The growth mechanism and surface features are investigated by optical microscopic techniques such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The laser induced surface damage measurements were carried out using a Q-switched Nd:YAG laser at 1064 nm with laser beam of 1.0 Hz and pulse duration 25 ps. The laser damage threshold values of MMTC, CMTC and ZCTC are found to be 15.9, 22.9 and 19.7 GW/cm², respectively. The SEM analysis of MMTC reveals the formation of elongated dendrite growth pattern caused by the fluctuations of Mn and Hg metal ligands when thiocyanate (SCN) bridges them. The etching study indicates the occurrence of different types of etch pit patterns like terraced triangles, pillars, pyramids and rods. The AFM images confirm the formation of three major hillocks with cavities in MMTC. The measured roughness values for CMTC crystal are very much lower than that of MMTC.     

In vivo high‐resolution synchrotron radiation imaging of collagen‐induced arthritis in a rodent model

In vivo microstructures of the affected feet of collagen‐induced arthritic (CIA) mice were examined using a high‐resolution synchrotron radiation (SR) X‐ray refraction technique with a polychromatic beam issued from a bending magnet. The CIA models were obtained from six‐week‐old DBA/1J mice that were immunized with bovine type II collagen and grouped as grades 0–3 according to a clinical scoring for the severity of arthritis. An X‐ray shadow of a specimen was converted into a visual image on the surface of a CdWO₄ scintillator that was magnified using a microscopic objective lens before being captured with a digital charge‐coupled‐device camera. Various changes in the joint microstructure, including cartilage destruction, periosteal born formation, articular bone thinning and erosion, marrow invasion by pannus progression, and widening joint space, were clearly identified at each level of arthritis severity with an equivalent pixel size of 2.7 µm. These high‐resolution features of destruction in the CIA models have not previously been available from any other conventional imaging modalities except histological light microscopy. However, thickening of the synovial membrane was not resolved in composite images by the SR refraction imaging method. In conclusion, in vivo SR X‐ray microscopic imaging may have potential as a diagnostic tool in small animals that does not require a histochemical preparation stage in examining microstructural changes in joints affected with arthritis. The findings from the SR images are comparable with standard histopathology findings.