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101.
102.
Shan‐Ci Chen Qingdong Zheng Qikai Zhang Dongdong Cai Jinyun Wang Zhigang Yin Changquan Tang 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》2013,51(9):1999-2005
An angular‐shaped naphthalene tetracarboxylic diimide (NDI) was designed and synthesized as a new building block for n‐type conjugated polymers to tune their energy levels. Three n‐type copolymers incorporating this angular‐shaped NDI as the acceptor moiety were obtained by Stille coupling reactions and had number average molecular weights of 18.7–73.0 kDa. All‐polymer bulk‐heterojunction solar cells made from blends of these polymers with poly(3‐hexylthiophene) gave a power conversion efficiency up to 0.32% and exhibited an open‐circuit voltage (Voc) up to 0.94 V due to their relative high‐lying lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy levels. The high Voc of 0.94 V is higher than that of solar cells based on linear‐shaped NDI‐containing polymers (<0.6 V). The results indicate that the angular‐shaped NDI is a promising building block for constructing nonfullerene polymer acceptors for solar cells with high open‐circuit voltages. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2013 相似文献
103.
The stability and accuracy of radiation type non‐reflective outflow boundary conditions, as well as the standard Neumann boundary condition with zero normal derivative, have been compared for the numerical simulation of a turbulent axisymmetric plume with Reynolds number of 7700 and Prandtl number of 0.71. Comparison of the performance of the boundary conditions with respect to each other, and to the results obtained for an extended domain, shows that a one‐dimensional scheme in which advection and diffusion terms are included in the radiation equation is the optimum approach for the plume simulation. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
104.
105.
Hempel and McMillan showed that a closed 3-manifold that can be covered by three open balls is a connected sum of S3- and S2-bundles over S1. In this paper we obtain a classification of all closed 3-manifolds that can be covered by two open balls and one open solid torus or by one open ball and two open solid tori. 相似文献
107.
We study the attractors of a finite system of planar contraction similarities S
j
(j=1,...,n) satisfying the coupling condition: for a set {x
0,...,x
n} of points and a binary vector (s
1,...,s
n
), called the signature, the mapping S
j
takes the pair {x
0,x
n} either into the pair {x
j-1,x
j
} (if s
j
=0) or into the pair {x
j
, x
j-1} (if s
j
=1). We describe the situations in which the Jordan property of such attractor implies that the attractor has bounded turning, i.e., is a quasiconformal image of an interval of the real axis. 相似文献
108.
Anatoly I. Fisun 《International Journal of Infrared and Millimeter Waves》1997,18(7):1431-1443
The theoretical and experimental analysis of the open resonator with the reflection diffraction comb grating has been presented.
This resonator has excitation where is close to the monofrequency mode. This results may be used for the elaboration of mm-wave
quasi-optical devices such as generators, mixer, converter, wavemeters and others. 相似文献
109.
Francisco J. Jiménez‐Hornero Juan V. Giráldez Ana M. Laguna Sean J. Bennett Carlos V. Alonso 《国际流体数值方法杂志》2007,55(7):655-672
A two‐dimensional lattice model has been developed to describe the influence of vegetation on the turbulent flow structure in an open channel. The model includes the influence of vegetation density on the frictional effect of the channel bed and walls. For the walls, a semi‐slip boundary condition has been considered as an alternative to overcome the no‐slip boundary condition limitations in turbulent flows. The drag stress exerted by the flow on the vegetation as well as the gravity effect has also been taken into account. The proposed lattice model has been used to simulate the experimental results reported from the study of the influence of alternate vegetated zones on the open‐channel flow. The results show that the lattice model approach is a valid tool for describing these kinds of flows. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
110.
We discuss the dissipative dynamics of a classical particle coupled to an infinitely extended heat reservoir. We announce a number of results concerning the ergodic properties of this model. The novelty of our approach is that it extends beyond Markovian dynamics to the case where the Langevin equation is driven by colored noise. Our method works in arbitrary space dimension, and for fully nonlinear systems. 相似文献