An Open‐Circuit Voltage and Power Conversion Efficiency Study of Fullerene Ternary Organic Solar Cells Based on Oligomer/Oligomer and Oligomer/Polymer

Variations in the open‐circuit voltage (V _oc) of ternary organic solar cells are systematically investigated. The initial study of these devices consists of two electron‐donating oligomers, S2 (two units) and S7 (seven units), and the electron‐accepting [6,6]‐phenyl C71 butyric acid methyl ester (PC₇₁BM) and reveals that the V _oc is continuously tunable due to the changing energy of the charge transfer state (E _ct) of the active layers. Further investigation suggests that V _oc is also continuously tunable upon change in E _ct in a ternary blend system that consists of S2 and its corresponding polymer (P11):PC₇₁BM. It is interesting to note that higher power conversion efficiencies can be obtained for both S2:S7:PC₇₁BM and S2:P11:PC₇₁BM ternary systems compared with their binary systems, which can be ascribed to an improved V _oc due to the higher E _ct and an improved fill factor due to the improved film morphology upon the incorporation of S2. These findings provide a new guideline for the future design of conjugated polymers for achieving higher performance of ternary organic solar cells.

     

气相二氧化硅填充极性低聚物的界面与流变

气相二氧化硅(FS)/低聚物纳米复合材料应用广泛于涂料、胶黏剂、锂离子电池、液体防弹衣等诸多领域.然而,极性低聚物与FS表面相互作用复杂,FS/低聚物复合材料(ONCs)的流变响应多种多样.如何实现ONCs流变行为调控,是长期困扰工业界的难题.本文详细总结了FS在ONCs领域的应用,将FS粒子间相互作用与ONCs流变性质相关联,综述ONCs界面层结构的表征、调控手段及界面层与流变行为的关系.结合本课题组对FS/极性低聚物体系界面及流变行为的研究成果,提出未来ONCs领域的2个重要方向,即研究界面结构与粒子-极性低聚物相互作用间的关系,并通过界面设计实现对纳米粒子/极性低聚物复合材料的流变行为的精确调控.     

Formation of double helix self-assembled monolayers of ethynylhelicene oligomer disulfides on gold surfaces

Optically active ethynylhelicene pentamers and hexamers linked by disulfide bonds were synthesized. They formed self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) with double helix structure on gold surfaces, which were analyzed by infrared reflection-absorption spectroscopy (IR-RAS), quartz crystal microbalance (QCM), surface plasmon resonance (SPR), and circular dichroism (CD). Double helix SAMs could be formed on gold surfaces either from double helices or random coils in solution. The double helices on the surface were more stable than in solution. This result suggested the presence of strong intercomplex interactions between double helix complexes on the surface.     

氢键介质的芳酰胺折叠体:从构象控制到功能演化

根据芳环上酰胺和氢键受体位置的不同,氢键介质的芳酰胺和酰肼折叠体可以产生折叠、螺旋、"之"字型、直线型及其他扩展型的构象.由于氢键具有较高的稳定性及芳酰胺固有的平面性特征,这一系列的芳酰胺寡聚体拥有较高的可预测的构象.芳酰胺骨架本身可以通过简单的酰胺键偶合反应构筑,而不同的官能团也可以选择性地引入到特定的骨架内部或其侧...     

Hydroxyl chain‐end functionalization of polymeric organolithium compounds with oxetane

Hydroxyl chain‐end functionalizations of polymeric organolithium compounds with oxetane (trimethylene oxide) were studied in benzene at 25 °C. Functionalizations of poly(styryl)lithium and polystyrene‐oligo‐butadienyllithium proceed efficiently to form the corresponding ω‐hydroxypropyl‐functionalized polymers in 98 and 97% isolated yields, respectively. No nonfunctional polymer (≤1–2%) was detected by thin layer chromatography (TLC) analysis for either polymer. All functionalized polymers were characterized by ¹³C and ¹H NMR analyses; no evidence for oxetane oligomerization at the chain end was observed. The MALDI‐TOF mass spectrum of ω‐hydroxypropylpolystyrene was consistent with the expected structure without any detectable oligomerization of oxetane. A small, but detectable series of peaks corresponding to nonfunctional polystyrene was also observed in the MALDI‐TOF mass spectrum. The functionalization of the adduct of 1,1‐diphenylethylene and PSLi produced the corresponding ω‐hydroxypropyl‐functionalized polymer in only 86% isolated yield. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 44: 2684–2693, 2006     

Preparation of telechelic oligomers by thermal degradation of propylene copolymers

The reactive end groups of nonvolatile oligomers obtained by controlled thermal degradation of poly(propylene-ran-ethylene) and poly(propylene-ran-1-butene) were determined by ¹H and ¹³C NMR spectroscopy. The molar ratio of unsaturated to saturated end groups was found to be about 9:1. The average number of unsaturated end groups per molecule was between 1.6 and 1.8, indicating that 60–80 mol% of the oligomer molecules were telechelic, having two terminal unsaturated end groups. These oligomers had a lower polydispersity than the raw material, despite their lower molecular weight and melting temperature. Although the end groups resulting from each monomer unit could be detected by ¹³C NMR, the end group composition differed from that of the main chains of the raw materials. The end group composition was satisfactorily explained by the differences in bond dissociation energy and activation energy of elementary reactions that occurred during thermal degradation, based on the monomer composition of the raw materials.     

Properties of unidirectional GFRPs based on an epoxy resin modified with polysulphone or an epoxyurethane oligomer

The mechanical properties of unidirectional GFRPs based on an ED-22 epoxy resin were investigated. The resin was modified with a PSK-1 polysulphone or a PEF-3a epoxyurethane oligomer. Triethanolaminotitanate or diaminodiphenilsulphone was used as a hardener. The modification did not improve the mechanical properties of GFRPs in quasi-static loading; but in a low-speed impact loading, the shear strength of epoxypolysulphone GFRPs with 20 wt.% PSK-1 increased by 20–25%. For all the GFRPs investigated, the shear strength grew linearly with the logarithm of loading rate. The introduction of the modifiers increased the fracture toughness considerably: by 100 and 70% for GFRPs modified with 20 wt.% PSK-1 and 50 wt.% PEF-3a, respectively. __________ Translated from Mekhanika Kompozitnykh Materialov, Vol. 42, No. 6, pp.739–758, November–December, 2006.     

Preparation of magnetic nanoparticles by the use of self-assembled fluorinated oligomeric aggregates—A new approach to the dispersion of magnetic particles on poly(methyl methacrylate) film surface

Fluoroalkyl end-capped acrylic acid oligomer-encapsulated magnetic nanoparticles were prepared by the coprecipitation of aqueous ferric and ferrous ions in the presence of the corresponding oligomers under alkaline conditions. The dynamic light scattering measurements showed that these fluorinated oligomer magnetic nanoparticles were encapsulated in the self-assemblies of fluoroalkyl end-capped oligomers. Fluoroalkyl end-capped oligomer-encapsulated magnetic nanoparticles thus obtained were applied to the dispersion of magnetic particles on the poly(methyl methacrylate) film surface to exhibit not only the surface active property imparted by fluorine but also magnetic behavior toward a permanent magnet.     

Molecular dynamics simulations of a poly(p-phenylene) oligomer

We have studied the conformation and coefficient of thermal expansion in the poly(p-phenylene) oligomer p-sexiphenyl (C₃₆H₂₆) by molecular dynamics simulations. Studies of the backbone phenyl–phenyl torsion angle in a simulated p-sexiphenyl crystal at room temperature indicate the presence of torsional librations of approximately ±20°. Further analysis of the phenyl–phenyl backbone torsion angle in less closely packed regions of the simulated crystal (crystal ends) indicate the presence of 180° phenyl ring flips, in agreement with solid-state deuterium NMR data on poly(p-phenylene oligomers). The linear coefficient of thermal expansion was also calculated and found to be negative, in qualitative agreement with experimental data on rigid-rod compounds. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.