短脉冲激光作用下丙酮液池沸腾现象的瞬态观测

本文对短脉冲激光作用下试件表面的温度变化和丙酮液体汽泡行为进行了瞬态观测,研 究了激光参数和细小金属颗粒等因素对丙酮液体沸腾行为的影响。结果表明：激光参数中,脉宽是 影响温度曲线和汽泡行为的主要因素,随着激光脉宽增大,大汽泡的长大时间和脱离直径减小;汽 泡长大速度与常规沸腾时的完全不同,没有出现等温生长阶段,在激光脉冲后很长时间内汽泡长大 速度快速增大;试件表面覆盖细小金属颗粒后,沸腾过程变得非常剧烈。     

基于Gibbs矢量估计卫星轨道姿态的滤波算法研究

针对“矢量观测 陀螺”这种典型的三轴稳定卫星姿态确定系统模式,引入具有四元数优越性的Gibbs矢量作为姿态参数,提出了一种新的具有良好实时性能的轨道姿态估计方案。在方案设计中,为描述卫星轨道姿态的Gibbs矢量,推导出了基于四元数的运动学方程,并将QUEST法作为处理多矢量观测信息的压缩技术引入估计器,使得滤波修正算法得以简化。另外,针对单矢量观测情况,给出了能够加快状态估值收敛速度的改进协方差修正算法。仿真结果验证,新方案的姿态估计精度与传统的欧拉角估计法相当,而运算效率却明显高于欧拉角估计法。     

内陆河道表层水体反射光谱的走航观测研究

现场水体光谱观测是水体光学性质、水色遥感反演建模等研究不可或缺的基础性工作之一.常规的倾斜观测方法受其较为严格的观测几何条件限制,需要依据船体位置、太阳方位等不断调整观测角度,特别是针对河道水体光谱观测时,还须考虑河道走向、岸线遮蔽物等情况,因此,只能设置若干站点进行离散样点的观测,难以在岸线环境较为复杂的河道水体开展...     

光学观测中太阳夹角的分析与计算

对影响光学观测效果的太阳夹角计算方法进行了研究。首先给出了太阳夹角的定义及计算公式。然后重点研究了太阳视位置的计算方法,比较了几种赤纬角计算方法,给出了一种改进的时角计算方法,实现了高精度的太阳视位置计算,并对其计算精度进行了分析。最后提出了在实际光学观测应用中的太阳夹角计算算法。实验表明,太阳视位置计算精度比传统数值近似方法高一个数量级,能够满足光学观测中太阳光照分析的需要。     

一种双星敏感器联合确定船体姿态方法

单星敏感器横滚测量精度偏低会影响航向测量精度,采用双星敏感器联合的方法可以有效提高船姿精度,其中关键是蒙气差修正和联合姿态确定方法。目前蒙气差修正一般采用基于恒星观测矢量的修正方法,联合姿态确定方式一般采用基于双视轴指向联合的方法。以上在蒙气差中需要引入初始船体姿态,而且修正迭代解算过程复杂,再者单星敏感器需要识别4颗以上恒星才能获得视轴指向,如果其中一个无法获得视轴指向,双星敏感器无法解算船体姿态。针对上述情况,提出了一种新的双星敏感器联合确定船体姿态的方法,包括基于恒星参考矢量的蒙气差修正方法和基于恒星观测矢量的联合姿态确定方法。基于该方法蒙气差修正不再需要初始船姿,而且在理论上只需双星敏感器各自至少有1颗可识别恒星,即可完成船体姿态角的解算。试验结果表明该方法降低了双星敏感器获取船体姿态角所需的可识别恒星数量限制,提高了双星敏感器获取船体姿态的能力。     

The solutions of navigation observation equations for CAPS

Chinese scientists invent the navigation and positioning system based on commercial communications satellites and develop them successfully into China Area Positioning System (CAPS). In principle, this system is different from the GPS broadcasting satellite navigation class, where the propagation epoch of original navigation signals for pseudo-range measurement is from a ground master control station rather than from satellite transponders. This paper addresses the establishment of the three observation equation models for the navigation and positioning system based on communications satellites, and expresses them identically to operator equations and optimized models. Furthermore, both algorithms of the linear solution for the observable characteristic equation and the least-squares solution for the condition number more than 4 are discussed, with several methods for the exact solution, such as improving the behavior of coefficient matrices, right estimation for the weighted right hand side and selection of iteration forms of solutions, and the influence of the condition number on improving navigation and positioning accuracy is also analyzed carefully. Hopefully, all the works would be contributive to further development of the navigation and positioning system based on communications satellites, and be potentially valuable to other satellite navigation and positioning systems. Supported by the National Basic Research and Development Program of China (Grant No. 2007CB815500)     

雷达回波资料反演海洋波导中观测值权重的确定

提出采用一种与电磁波传播损耗相类似的指数衰减形式来描绘观测值权重随距离的变化,结合标准的统计反演算法来测试不同的观测值权值对反演速度与精度的影响.结果表明,指数衰减形式能较好地描绘观测值权值随距离的变化情况;其中衰减指数的选取是关键.合理地选取衰减指数可较好地改进反演的速度与精度.对于不同频率的电磁波,最优衰减指数是各不相同的. 关键词： 海洋波导 观测值权重 衰减指数 反演算法     

口腔种植修复和常规修复在牙列缺损治疗中的效果观察

目的探讨牙列缺损采用口腔种植修复和常规修复临床对比情况。方法选取广东医学院附属厚街医院口腔科2014年5月至2015年5月收治,采用数字表抽取法随机分组,就常规修复(常规组,n=50)与种植修复(种植组,n=50)效果进行对比。结果观察组总有效率为92%,显著高于对照组70%(P0.05);观察组满意度各因子评分及总评分均高于对照组(P0.05)。结论牙列缺损采用口腔种植修复治疗,可显著提高临床效果,促患者咀嚼、发音等功能恢复,且美观度较理想,有较高推广应用价值。     

An occlusion-adaptive tracker based on sparse representation using alternating direction method of multipliers

Recently, sparse representation has been applied to visual tracking with satisfactory performance. However, partial occlusion and computational complexity are two main obstructions in developing sparse-based tracking. In this paper, a simple yet robust tracker based on patch-based sparse representation is proposed. An adaptive motion model, including adaptive sampling regions and adaptive particle numbers, is proposed to improve the sampling efficiency. A self-adjustable segmentation approach is proposed to segment the target into local patches. A patch-based observation model, which is occlusion-adaptive, is constructed by solving a set of L1-regularized least squares problems. The L1-regularized least squares problem is solved using the alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM). Both quantitative and qualitative experiments are conducted on several challenging image sequences and the comparisons with several state-of-the-art trackers demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of our tracker.     

Galileo与GPS相位组合观测值的模型

在介绍Galileo系统空间信号的基础上,以模糊度保持整数为前提,在前人的基础上给出了Galileo系统的四个频率载波与GPS L2载波的组合相位观测值的定义,分析了组合观测值的误差传播规律.最后根据一定的组合标准论述了具有相应特性的组合观测值,并给出一些典型的组合.