Irradiation of detonation nanodiamonds with γ-rays does not produce long living spin radicals

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Travelling wave mathematical analysis and efficient numerical resolution for a one-dimensional model of solid propellant combustion

We investigate a model of solid propellant combustion involving surface pyrolysis coupled to finite activation energy gas-phase combustion. Existence and uniqueness of a travelling wave solution are established by extending dynamical system tools classically used for premixed flames, dealing with the additional difficulty arising from the surface regression and pyrolysis. An efficient shooting method allows to solve the problem in phase space without resorting to space discretisation nor fixed-point Newton iterations. The results are compared to solutions from a CFD code developed at ONERA, assessing the efficiency and potential of the method, and the impact of the modelling assumptions is evaluated through parametric studies.     

The effect of ethanol on the phase behaviour and micro-rheology of liquid crystals

The effect of ethanol on the phase behaviour and micro-rheology of lyotropic liquid crystals (LC) has been studied using a binary mixture of monoglyceride (MG) and aqueous ethanol. The phase behaviour study reveals the structural modulation of surfactant aggregates with increasing ethanol concentration, namely a bicontinuous cubic phase (Ia3d) transitions to the lamellar phase (L_α), at a fixed MG concentration. This behaviour is explained by considering the critical packing parameter (CPP) of the surfactant molecule. Because ethanol dehydrates the surfactant head group (a _s), the CPP values increase (decreasing a _s) and thus the formation of larger CPP aggregates is favoured (i.e., the Ia3d–L_α transition occurs). Cross-polarised images and X-ray scattering data support this conclusion. The structural modulation of the LC has further been investigated using a diffusing wave spectroscopy technique. The correlation and relaxation times, determined from the intersection point at short and long time scales of the mean square displacement (MSD), decrease with increasing concentrations of ethanol, indicating structural modulation of the LC. The micro-viscoelastic moduli (G′ and G′′) derived from the Laplace transformation of the MSD decrease with increasing ethanol concentrations, due to the LC modulation. The thermal effects on the micro-rheology of the LC have also been studied.     

Boussinesq方程行波解的存在性

利用平面动力系统方法的分支理论,研究了Boussinesq方程,通过对Boussinesq方程进行行波变换,得到了相应行波系统的首次积分和平衡点,给出了不同参数条件下的相图,证实了Boussinesq方程存在孤立波解和周期波解。     

准一维电荷密度波材料Ta2NiSe7 的转角及变温拉曼光谱研究

近年来, 低维过渡金属硫族化合物Ta2NiSe7 因其独特的电荷密度波和特殊的拓扑能带结构而引起广泛关注. 本文利用拉曼光谱技术对准一维电荷密度波材料Ta2NiSe7 的声子模式进行了系统研究. 角度依赖的偏振拉曼光谱实验表明室温下可以观测到19 个拉曼峰, 且所有观察到的拉曼模式强度随样品旋转呈周期性变化, 这意味着Ta2NiSe7 具有较高的面内各向异性. 通过群论分析, 我们确定了拉曼峰的具体模式为Ag 和Bg 两种原子振动模式. 在温度依赖的偏振拉曼光谱测量中, 我们在低温下还观察到了新的声子峰, 推测与电荷密度波结构调制引起的晶格畸变有关. 本研究提供了对Ta2NiSe7 声子振动的全面理解, 这可能为进一步研究电荷密度波与声子振动之间的关联提供参考意义.     

Dust-Acoustic Nonlinear Waves in a Nanoparticle Fraction of Ultracold (2K) Multicomponent Dusty Plasma

The nonlinear dust-acoustic instability in the condensed submicron fraction of dust particles in the low-pressure glow discharge at ultra-low temperatures is experimentally and theoretically investigated. The main discharge parameters are estimated on the basisof the dust-acoustic wave analysis. In particular, the temperature and density of ions, as well as the Debye radius, are determined. It is shown that the ion temperature exceeds the temperature of the neutral gas. The drift characteristics of all plasma fractions are estimated. The reasons for the instability excitation are considered.     

Gamma-ray spectra in the positron-annihilation process of molecules at room temperature

In this study, a fully self-consistent method was developed to obtain the wave functions of the positron and electrons in molecules simultaneously. The wave function of a positron at room temperature, with a characteristic energy of approximately 0.04 eV [1], was used to analyse the experimental results of its annihilation in helium, neon, hydrogen, and methane molecules. The interactions between the positron and molecule provide a significant correction in the gamma-ray spectra of the annihilating electron–positron pairs. It was also observed that high-order correlations offered almost no correction in the spectra, as the interaction between the low-energy positron and electrons cannot drive the electrons into excited electronic states. More accurate studies, which consider the coupling of the positron–electron pair states and vibration states of nuclei, must be undertaken.     

基于斜向背散射偏振拉曼光谱的{100}c-Si面内应力分析

复杂应力状态下应力分量的解耦分析对半导体的设计和制造具有重要意义。本文开展了方法学研究,首先建立了{100}晶面族单晶硅面内应力分量解耦分析模型,基于该模型,通过改变入射光和散射光的几何构型和偏振构型,可得到单晶硅拉曼频移与应力分量的解析关系。在此基础上,提出了一种利用斜向背散射偏振拉曼光谱在不同倾角、偏振方向和样品旋转角度下开展原位拉曼探测实现应力分量解耦分析的实用技术。本文通过实验验证了该方法的可靠性和适用性。     

若干高维可积和不可积模型的严格解

可积和不可积模型可以描述自然科学中的诸多现象, 寻找高维非线性模型的严格解已成为可积系统的一个重要研究内容. 结合达布变换法和多线性分离变量法, 可以得到多个(2+1)维非线性模型包含任意函数的严格解, 通过选取不同的任意函数, 构造这些非线性模型新的相互激发模式. 进一步推广了形变映射理论, 建立了变系数 场和sine-Gordon以及双sine-Gordon场的形变映射关系, 从而得到高维不可积模型包含任意函数的新严格解. 对任意函数的不同选择, 构造了sine-Gordon和双sine-Gordon可积模型丰富的局域解和周期解, 如多solitoff解及其周期波推广、周期形变的蛇形孤波解以及变模的拟周期解等.     

Comparison of two cold atmospheric pressure plasma jet configurations in argon

The present study compares the operation of two cold atmospheric plasma jet (CAPJ) configurations: needle-to-cylinder electrode configuration (CAPJ I) and single high-voltage cylinder electrode around the quartz tube (CAPJ II). The CAPJs were operated in argon flowing through a quartz capillary with 0.5-mm inner diameter into the ambient air, and the plasma was generated by sinusoidal kHz frequency AC power supplies. The main emphasis of the study was on the mechanism of the initiation of ionization waves for these two configurations. For both CAPJs, there appeared several ionization waves during one half-period of the applied voltage waveform, and the number of ionization waves increased at higher voltage amplitudes. However, we discovered marked differences in the initiation of the ionization waves for two different CAPJ configuration. The applied voltage controlled the initiation of consecutive ionization waves, which propagated from the grounded electrode towards the tube orifice in CAPJ I. In the case of CAPJ II, certain time had to pass for the initiation of a new ionization wave, and subsequent ionization waves within the same half-period started at the tube orifice. In addition to the differences in the initiation of the ionization waves, we observed that the CAPJ I was ignited and sustained at lower voltages, while CAPJ II produced a longer plasma jet. The observed advantages and deficiencies of investigated CAPJ configurations point out their potential in different applications.