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41.
Fluidization of Nano-size Particles 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Fluidization and collapsing bed experiments were performed with 'Tullanox', 10nm diameter fumed silica. The minimum fluidization velocity was determined to be 0.0115m/s at the unusually low volume fraction of solids of 0.0077. The solids volume fraction was measured using a -ray densitometer. Fluidization was without large bubbles, with a high bed expansion ratio. The highest granular temperature was of the order of that of Geldart B particles, as measured by Cody et al. (1996). The sedimentation process was simulated using a two-fluid hydrodynamic model. The input into the model was a measured solids stress modulus and an agglomerate size determined from the settling curves. With these two rheological parameters, there was good agreement between the sedimentation theory and the experiment. This study shows that the standard collapse bed experiment used in industry is a good test of rheological properties of particles. 相似文献
42.
K. Broderix M. Weigt A. Zippelius 《The European Physical Journal B - Condensed Matter and Complex Systems》2002,29(3):441-455
We consider the gelation of particles which are permanently connected by random crosslinks, drawn from an ensemble of finite-dimensional
continuum percolation. To average over the randomness, we apply the replica trick, and interpret the replicated and crosslink-averaged
model as an effective molecular fluid. A Mayer-cluster expansion for moments of the local static density fluctuations is set
up. The simplest non-trivial contribution to this series leads back to mean-field theory. The central quantity of mean-field
theory is the distribution of localization lengths, which we compute for all connectivities. The highly crosslinked gel is
characterized by a one-to-one correspondence of connectivity and localization length. Taking into account higher contributions
in the Mayer-cluster expansion, systematic corrections to mean-field can be included. The sol-gel transition shifts to a higher
number of crosslinks per particle, as more compact structures are favored. The critical behavior of the model remains unchanged
as long as finite truncations of the cluster expansion are considered. To complete the picture, we also discuss various geometrical
properties of the crosslink network, e.g. connectivity correlations, and relate the studied crosslink ensemble to a wider class of ensembles, including the Deam-Edwards
distribution.
Received on 24 April 2002 Published online 14 October 2002
RID="a"
ID="a"deceased
RID="b"
ID="b"e-mail: weigt@theorie.physik.uni-goettingen.de 相似文献
43.
Charge transport in poly(methylphenylsilane): The case for superimposed disorder and polaron effects
H. Bssler P. M. Borsenberger R. J. Perry 《Journal of Polymer Science.Polymer Physics》1994,32(9):1677-1685
Careful analysis of the temperature dependence of the hole mobility in poly (methylphenylsilane) indicates that the functional dependence is between an Arrhenius law and a ln μ ∝ T?2 law as predicted by a model of disorder-controlled hopping. This is attributed to the superposition of disorder and polaron effects. A method is presented for separating the two contributions. The evolution of time-of-flight photocurrent transients with decreasing temperature is consistent with the disorder parameter derived from the temperature dependence of the mobility. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 相似文献
44.
We consider a linearly elastic shell with an “elliptic” middle surface, clamped along a portion of its lateral face and subjected
to body forces. Under weak regularity assumptions on the middle surface, we prove that the space of linearized inextensional
displacements is reduced to zero, by using unique continuation results. Consequently, when the thickness of the shell goes
to zero, the limit of the average with respect to the thickness of the three-dimensional displacement vector solves the “generalized
membrane” shell model, according to the terminology introduced by P.G. Ciarlet and the first author.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
45.
V. V. Boldyrev 《Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry》1993,40(3):1041-1062
A review of studies of reactivities of solids is presented, concentrating on localization and autolocalization phenomena.
Some examples of feed-back and structure of the reaction zone are given.
Plenary lecture 相似文献
46.
Mieczysław Jaroniec Adam W. Marczewski 《Monatshefte für Chemie / Chemical Monthly》1984,115(8-9):997-1012
A generalizedLangmuir equation is proposed for describing the monolayer adsorption of single gases on heterogeneous solids. The special cases of this equation are:Langmuir-Freundlich, Tóth andFreundlich type adsorption isotherms. The energy distribution function corresponding to this equation produces all types of simple energy distributions, i.e., symmetrical distribution, decreasing exponential distributions and asymmetrical distributions showing widening in the directions of low and high adsorption energies.
Gasadsorption auf energetisch heterogenen Feststoffen, 1. Mitt.: Eine generalisierteLangmuir-Gleichung und ihre Energieverteilung
Zusammenfassung Es wird eine generalisierteLangmuir-Gleichung zur Beschreibung der einlagigen Adsorption eines einzelnen Gases auf heterogenen Feststoffen beschrieben. Die speziellen Fälle dieser Gleichung sind:Langmuir-Freundlich-, Tóth- undFreundlich-Typ der Adsorptionsisotherme. Die Energieverteilung, die dieser Gleichung entspricht, gibt alle Typen einer einfachen Verteilung wieder, z. B. eine symmetrische Verteilung, eine abfallende exponentielle Verteilung und asymmetrische Verteilungen mit Erweiterung in die Richtung von niedriger oder hoher Adsorptionsenergie.相似文献
47.
48.
Welch K Mousavi S Lundberg B Strømme M 《The European physical journal. E, Soft matter》2005,18(1):105-112
A newly developed method for determining the frequency-dependent complex Young's modulus was employed to analyze the mechanical
response of compacted microcrystalline cellulose, sorbitol, ethyl cellulose and starch for frequencies up to 20 kHz. A Debye-like
relaxation was observed in all the studied pharmaceutical excipient materials and a comparison with corresponding dielectric
spectroscopy data was made. The location in frequency of the relaxation peak was shown to correlate to the measured tensile
strength of the tablets, and the relaxation was interpreted as the vibrational response of the interparticle hydrogen and
van der Waals bindings in the tablets. Further, the measured relaxation strength, holding information about the energy loss
involved in the relaxation processes, showed that the weakest material in terms of tensile strength, starch, is the material
among the four tested ones that is able to absorb the most energy within its structure when exposed to external perturbations
inducing vibrations in the studied frequency range. The results indicate that mechanical relaxation analysis performed over
relatively broad frequency ranges should be useful for predicting material properties of importance for the functionality
of a material in applications such as, e.g., drug delivery, drug storage and handling, and also for clarifying the origin of hitherto unexplained molecular processes. 相似文献
49.
Dispersive flow of disks through a
two-dimensional Galton board 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
We report here an experimental and numerical study of the
flow properties of disks driven by gravity through a hexagonal
lattice of obstacles, i.e. a
Galton board. During the fall, particles experience dissipative
collisions that scatter them in random directions. A
driven-diffusion regime can be achieved under certain
conditions. A characteristic length of the motion and its
dependence on geometrical parameters of the system is analyzed
in the steady regime. The influence of collective effects on the
dispersion process is investigated by comparison between single-
and many-particle flows. The characterization of the dynamics
and the diffusive properties of the flow in a system like a
Galton board can be expanded to other granular systems,
particularly static solid particle mixers and will give some
insight in understanding granular mixing. 相似文献
50.
Molecular-dynamics results on water confined in a silica pore are reviewed and discussed in connection with experiments performed on water in Vycor and with studies of water in contact with proteins. The properties of confined water are studied as a function of both temperature and hydration level. The interaction of water in the film close to the substrate with the silica atoms induces a strong distortion of the hydrogen bond network. At high hydration levels a double dynamical regime is observed. At low hydration an anomalous diffusion is found upon supercooling with a transition from a Brownian to a non-Brownian regime on approaching the substrate in agreement with results found in studies of water in contact with globular proteins.Received: 1 January 2003, Published online: 14 October 2003PACS:
61.20.-p Structure of liquids - 61.20.Ja Computer simulation of liquid structure 相似文献