微量元素硒及有机硒药物研究进展

从硒的营养学、硒的免疫学、硒的肿瘤学三个方面概括了微量元素硒的研究进展。研究表明，一些含硒有机化合物具有抗氧化性、抗炎、防癌、抗癌等药用前景。     

火焰原子吸收法测定山楂叶中钙、锰、铁、锌、镁、铜、铅、铬的含量

对广西山楂叶进行湿法消化处理,利用火焰原子吸收分光光度法测定了其中微量元素的含量。结果表明,山楂叶中含有较丰富的Ca、Mg、Fe、Mn。该法的加标回收率为99．6％～105．0％,RSD≤0．71％,测定结果准确。     

煤中微量元素间依存关系的聚类分析

通过对四种不同类型煤中灰分、硫分和１６种微量在不同密度级中呈的Ｒ型聚类分析,研究了煤中微量元素间的依存关系。结果表明：煤中碱土 金属Ｂｅ、Ｓｒ、Ｂａ彼此间的依存关系一般较弱,与所研究的其它元素的相关性也较北：稀土元素Ｌａ、Ｃｅ、Ｙ、Ｓｅ经常相伴而生;Ｖ总与灰分显著相关;Ａｓ、Ｃｏ、Ｎｉ等元素民黄铁矿硫的存在密切相关。     

青藏铁路纳赤台地区荒漠典型植物四种常量元素特征

分析了青藏铁路纳赤台段荒漠地区的土壤及10种典型植物的常量元素中的K、Ca、Mg、P四种元素的含量。结果表明,（1）K、ca、Mg、P四种元素在区内各种植物中的变异系数分别为0．033、0．418、0．143、0．403,Ca和Mg元素在各种植物中的含量呈正相关;（2）区内所采集到的各种植物之问K、Mg两种元素含量变化不大;（3）随着土壤深度的增加,土壤内四种矿质元素含量呈递减趋势。     

Preparation of stable second‐order nonlinear optical films by sol–gel technique

A stable nonlinear optical (NLO) film containing “T” type alkoxysilane dye was prepared by sol–gel technology. This crosslinked “T” type alkoxysilane dye was synthesized and fully characterized by FTIR, UV–Vis spectra, and ¹H‐NMR. Followed by hydrolysis and copolymerization processes of the alkoxysilane with γ‐glycidoxypropyl trimethoxysilane (KH560) and tetraethoxysilane (TEOS), high quality inorganic–organic hybrid second‐order NLO films were obtained by spin coating. The “T” type structure of the alkoxysilane was found to be effective for improving the temporal stability of the optical nonlinearity due to the reduction in the relaxation of the chromophore in the film materials. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Beyond labels: A review of the application of quantum dots as integrated components of assays, bioprobes, and biosensors utilizing optical transduction

A comprehensive review of the development of assays, bioprobes, and biosensors using quantum dots (QDs) as integrated components is presented. In contrast to a QD that is selectively introduced as a label, an integrated QD is one that is present in a system throughout a bioanalysis, and simultaneously has a role in transduction and as a scaffold for biorecognition. Through a diverse array of coatings and bioconjugation strategies, it is possible to use QDs as a scaffold for biorecognition events. The modulation of QD luminescence provides the opportunity for the transduction of these events via fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET), bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET), charge transfer quenching, and electrochemiluminescence (ECL). An overview of the basic concepts and principles underlying the use of QDs with each of these transduction methods is provided, along with many examples of their application in biological sensing. The latter include: the detection of small molecules using enzyme-linked methods, or using aptamers as affinity probes; the detection of proteins via immunoassays or aptamers; nucleic acid hybridization assays; and assays for protease or nuclease activity. Strategies for multiplexed detection are highlighted among these examples. Although the majority of developments to date have been in vitro, QD-based methods for ex vivo biological sensing are emerging. Some special attention is given to the development of solid-phase assays, which offer certain advantages over their solution-phase counterparts.     

大气复合污染及灰霾形成中非均相化学过程的作用

城市和区域大气复合污染的特征为污染源排放的一次污染物通过大气中的化学反应生成高浓度的氧化剂(臭氧等)及细颗粒物等二次污染物,它们在静稳天气下积累,导致低能见度的灰霾现象并严重影响人体健康和气候.大气复合污染中同时存在高浓度的一次排放和二次转化的气态及颗粒污染物,这为细颗粒表面非均相反应提供了充足的反应物;而气态污染物在细颗粒表面的非均相反应可改变大气氧化性及颗粒物的化学组分、物化性质和光学性质,从而可能对大气复合污染和灰霾的形成起到促进的作用.利用漫反射红外傅里叶变换光谱和单颗粒显微拉曼原位在线技术,我们对大气气态污染物NO2、SO2、O3、甲醛在CaCO3、高岭石、蒙脱石、NaCl、海盐、Al2O3和TiO2等大气主要颗粒物表面的反应进行了系统的反应动力学和机制研究,我们发现反应主要产物为硫酸盐、硝酸盐或甲酸盐,它们可极大改变颗粒物吸湿性和消光性质.通过分析这些非均相反应的动力学过程,我们识别出NO2-颗粒物-H2O、SO2-颗粒物-O3、有机物/SO2-颗粒物-光照等三元反应体系的协同作用机制,这些协同机制对于阐明大气复合污染及灰霾形成的反馈机制和非线性过程提供了实验证据和理论依据.     

三种蒙药中十二种微量元素的ICP- AES法分析

为研究蒙药药效与微量元素之间的关系,采用湿法消化,用ICP - AES测定了蒙药希莫音满都拉、哈日嘎布日- 10、阿拉坦-5中钙、磷、铜、钾、铁、钠、锰、锌、镁、锡、硅、钛的含量;同时做了精密度及回收率实验.结果表明,测定方法的标准偏差＜5％,回收率在92.8％～104.1％之间;3种蒙药中12种微量元素含量丰富,测定...     

化学蒸汽发生/电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定近岸及河口海水中的超痕量砷、锑、铋、锗、锡、汞

建立了化学蒸汽发生(CVG)电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP MS)同时测定近岸及河口海水中超痕量As、Sb、Bi、Ge、Sn和Hg元素的方法.研究了CVG过程中KBH4、盐酸和硫脲的浓度以及样品流速、载气流速、海水样品盐度等对方法分析性能的影响.结果表明,在0.70％6盐酸、0.10 g/L硫脲、11.0 g/L硼氧化钾...     

U(Ⅳ)配合物UNa2(pdc)3·6H2O的合成、结构及磁性研究

合成了一种含有+4价铀的配合物UNa2(pdc)3·6H2O(H2pdc=吡啶-2,6-二羧酸), 并详细研究了其晶体结构和磁学性质. 晶体属于单斜晶系, P21/n空间群, 晶胞参数a=1.0205(2) nm, b=2.2221(4) nm, c=1.2537(3) nm, β=94.98(3)°, V=2.8323(10) nm3, Z=4. 化合物的中心铀原子为九配位, π-π相互作用和氢键使得该化合物形成了三维立体结构.