OSCILLATION FOR NONAUTONOMOUS NEUTRAL DYNAMIC DELAY EQUATIONS ON TIME SCALES

The article is concerned with oscillation of nonautonomous neutral dynamic delay equations on time scales. Sufficient conditions are established for the existence of bounded positive solutions and for oscillation of all solutions of this equation. Some results extend known results for difference equations when the time scale is the set Z of positive integers and for differential equations when the time scale is the set R of real numbers.     

On multiple integrals of special form

Multiple integrals generalizing the iterated kernels of integral operators are expressed as single integrals in the case of a special representation of the kernel (this is our theorem). Besides integral equations, Markov processes involve these integrals as well. As a consequence of the theorem, we obtain transition probability densities of certain Markov processes. As an illustration, we consider nine examples.     

A Distributional Approach to Multiple Stochastic Integrals and Transformations of the Poisson Measure

We study a class of ‘nonpoissonian’ transformations of the configuration space and the corresponding transformations of the Poisson measure. For some class of Poisson measures we find conditions which are sufficient for the transformed measure (which in general is nonpoissonian) to be absolutely continuous with respect to the initial Poisson measure and get the expression for the corresponding Radon–Nikodym derivative. To solve this problem we use a distributional approach to Poisson multiple stochastic integrals.     

“选择资费”的多重价格歧视特性

本文在分析电信业选择资费实例和价格结构的基础上 ,研究了选择资费中的三级和二级价格歧视 ,并提出了多重价格歧视的概念 .研究结果表明 ,电信公司在选择资费中综合运用了三级、二级价格歧视 ,且通过提供多个二部资费计费方案 ,达到双重二级价格歧视和优化二部资费的目的 .选择资费是电信公司应对市场竞争的一种定价策略 ,认识其经济特性有利于我国电信公司和电信管制部门进行科学决策     

Cooperative Strategies for Solving the Bicriteria Sparse Multiple Knapsack Problem

For hard optimization problems, it is difficult to design heuristic algorithms which exhibit uniformly superior performance for all problem instances. As a result it becomes necessary to tailor the algorithms based on the problem instance. In this paper, we introduce the use of a cooperative problem solving team of heuristics that evolves algorithms for a given problem instance. The efficacy of this method is examined by solving six difficult instances of a bicriteria sparse multiple knapsack problem. Results indicate that such tailored algorithms uniformly improve solutions as compared to using predesigned heuristic algorithms.     

MODELING A RIGHTS‐BASED APPROACH FOR MANAGING HABITAT IMPACTS OF FISHERIES

ABSTRACT. Limiting adverse consequences of fishing on essential fish habitat has emerged as a key fishery management objective. The conventional approach to providing habitat protection is to create MPAs or marine reserves that prohibit all or certain types of fishing in specific areas. However, there may be more cost‐effective and flexible ways to provide habitat protection. We propose an individual habitat quota (IHQ) system for habitat conservation that would utilize economic incentives to achieve habitat conservation goals cost‐effectively. Individual quotas of habitat impact units (HIU) would be distributed to fishers with an aggregate quota set to maintain a target habitat “stock.” HIU use would be based on a proxy for marginal habitat damage. We use a dynamic, explicitly spatial fishery and habitat simulation model to explore how such a system might work. We examine how outcomes are affected by spatial heterogeneity in the fishery and the scale of habitat regulation. We find that the IHQ system is a highly cost‐effective means of ensuring a given level of habitat protection, but that spatial heterogeneity and the scale of regulation can have significant effects on the distribution of habitat protection.     

子系统为S≥3的非线性大系统在近平衡区内的稳定性

本文采用文[1,2]中提出的平衡结构法研究子系统s≥3的非线性大系统在近平衡区内的稳定性;得到了判别这类大系统稳定性的两个一般性准则.     

多元线性回归应用于近代物理实验

本文介绍非线性方程转化直线性方程和多元线性回归法来分析近代物理实验中塞曼效应分裂干涉圆环多处选点测量的处理过程。     

Nonlinear Filtering for Diffusions in Random Environments

Suppose that the signal X to be estimated is a diffusion process in a random medium W and the signal is correlated with the observation noise. We study the historical filtering problem concerned with estimating the signal path up until the current time based upon the back observations. Using Dirichlet form theory, we introduce a filtering model for general rough signal X ^W and establish a multiple Wiener integrals representation for the unnormalized pathspace filtering process. Then, we construct a precise nonlinear filtering model for the process X itself and give the corresponding Wiener chaos decomposition.     

Reactivity of a Ti–45.9Al–8Nb alloy in air at 700–900°C

A Ti–45.9Al–8Nb (at%) alloy with a lamellar structure (γ+α₂) was oxidised in air at 700, 800, 850 and 900°C in isothermal and thermal cycling conditions. The reaction progress was followed by thermogravimetric measurements. In isothermal conditions the oxidation kinetics followed approximately a parabolic rate law and the rate constants ranged from about 10^–12 kg² m^–4 s^–1 at 700°C to 10^–10 kg² m^–4 s^–1 at 900°C. The oxide scales were built of Al₂O₃ and TiO₂, the former being the main component of the outermost layer. The oxidation behaviour of Ti–45.9Al–8Nb was referred to a commercial titanium alloy, WT4 (Ti–6Al–1Mn), and selected oxidation-resistant alloys.