不同比例有机无机肥配施条件下黑土富里酸荧光光谱特征

富里酸(FA)是土壤腐殖质的重要组成成分,是土壤腐殖化过程中的中间物质,其结构特性对提高土壤有机质具有重要的指示作用。有机无机肥配施是实现土壤培肥、秸秆资源利用、减少无机肥施用的有效措施。为探讨黑龙江省黑土区秸秆有机肥替代无机肥对土壤FA的影响,设置不施肥(CK)、单施无机肥(NPK)、有机肥替代无机氮肥25% (NPKM1)、有机肥替代无机氮肥50% (NPKM2)、有机肥替代无机氮肥75% (NPKM3)及有机肥替代无机氮肥100% (NPKM4)6个处理,测定土壤有机碳(SOC)和FA含量。利用荧光指数(FI)、自生源指数(BIX)表征土壤FA的来源,腐殖化指数(HIX)指示土壤的腐殖化程度。采用三维荧光光谱-平行因子分析法,分析土壤FA的荧光组分及最大荧光强度(F_max),并利用冗余分析(RDA)探讨荧光强度、土壤有机碳和试验处理间的响应关系。结果表明：与NPK处理相比,有机无机肥配施处理均显著提高了SOC和土壤FA含量,其中对NPKM2处理影响最大,SOC含量提高8.06%,土壤FA含量提高13.84%。土壤FA受自生源和外生源共同作用的影响(FI>1.4,0.8F_max值先升高后降低,类蛋白质F_max值逐渐降低。NPKM2处理类富里酸和类胡敏酸的F_max值最高,类富里酸的相对百分比最高。RDA结果表明NPKM2处理对SOC、土壤FA含量和F_max值的影响最大。因此,基于土壤FA荧光光谱特性分析可知,为提高土壤有机质含量、增加秸秆利用率、减施无机肥,秸秆有机肥替代无机氮肥50%处理为最佳有机无机肥配比。     

Quantization from an exponential distribution of infinitesimal action

A statistical model of quantization based on an exponential distribution of infinitesimal action is proposed. A trajectory which does not extremize the action along an infinitesimal short segment of path is allowed to occur with a very small probability following an exponential law. Planck’s constant is argued to give the average deviation from the infinitesimal stationary action.     

The Degree of Proper Holomorphic MappingsBetween Special Domains in C^n

Let Gi be closed Lie groups of U (n), Ω i be bounded Gi-invariant domains in C^n which contains 0, and O(C^n)^Gi = C, for i = 1, 2. It is known that if f : Ω 1 → Ω 2 is a proper holomorphic mapping, and f^-1{0} = {0}, then f is a polynomial mapping. In this paper, we provide an upper bound for the degree of such a polynomial mapping using the multiplicity of f .     

Biological Effects of a Simplified Synthetic Analogue of Ion-Channel-Forming Polytheonamide B on Plasma Membrane and Lysosomes

Polytheonamide B ( 1 ) is a linear 48-mer natural peptide with alternating d - and l -amino acid residues. Compound 1 forms conducting channels for monovalent ions and exhibits potent cytotoxicity against MCF-7 cells. Previously, we reported that nanomolar concentrations of 1 induce plasma membrane depolarization and lysosomal pH disruption, which triggers apoptosis. Here, we report the cellular localization and biological action of a simplified synthetic analogue of 1 , polytheonamide mimic 3 . Compared with 1 , the toxicity of 3 against MCF-7 cells is 16 times weaker. Although its plasma membrane depolarization effect is only 3.6 times lower, more 3 (20-fold) is required to neutralize lysosomal pH. Thus, the effective concentrations for lysosomal neutralization and cytotoxicity by 3 are comparable. These results strongly suggest that the activity of 3 against the lysosomal membrane is more important for apoptotic cell death than its effects on the plasma membrane, and provide valuable information regarding the unique behavior of polytheonamide-based molecules.     

点石成金——人造钻石的真相

"A diamond is forever", diamond is not only seen as a kind of precious stones, but also used in industry. With technology and science continuing to develop, synthetic diamond is developing rapidly. To answer readers' confusion of synthetic diamond, there is a wonderful story, which tells readers about structure and properties of graphite and diamond, the basic method and catalysis of synthetic diamond.     

苦参碱磺胺类拼合物的合成

以1-溴-2-氯乙烷或1-溴-3-氯丙烷为连接链,将苦参碱和磺胺类化合物连接起来合成了8个新型的苦参碱磺胺类拼合物,其结构经1H NMR,IR和MS表征。     

锂离子电池电解液除酸除水添加剂的研究进展

商用锂离子电池电解液在应用过程中存在电解质锂盐六氟磷酸锂（LiPF₆）易在痕量水环境中发生水解反应，进而导致锂离子电池体系的综合电化学性能受损。因此，亟需控制电解液本体中痕量水的引入以及减小锂盐与痕量水反应产物对电池体系影响的措施。本文主要综述了含有不同官能团的添加剂在除去电解液中痕量水和酸时所具有的特性，并重点分析介绍了其除酸除水的作用机理。 最后，对除酸、除水型添加剂未来的研究方向和应用前景进行了展望。