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21.
Indrek Jõgi Rasmus Talviste Sirli Raud Jüri Raud Toomas Plank Ladislav Moravský Matej Klas Štefan Matejčík 《等离子体物理论文集》2020,60(3):e201900127
The present study compares the operation of two cold atmospheric plasma jet (CAPJ) configurations: needle-to-cylinder electrode configuration (CAPJ I) and single high-voltage cylinder electrode around the quartz tube (CAPJ II). The CAPJs were operated in argon flowing through a quartz capillary with 0.5-mm inner diameter into the ambient air, and the plasma was generated by sinusoidal kHz frequency AC power supplies. The main emphasis of the study was on the mechanism of the initiation of ionization waves for these two configurations. For both CAPJs, there appeared several ionization waves during one half-period of the applied voltage waveform, and the number of ionization waves increased at higher voltage amplitudes. However, we discovered marked differences in the initiation of the ionization waves for two different CAPJ configuration. The applied voltage controlled the initiation of consecutive ionization waves, which propagated from the grounded electrode towards the tube orifice in CAPJ I. In the case of CAPJ II, certain time had to pass for the initiation of a new ionization wave, and subsequent ionization waves within the same half-period started at the tube orifice. In addition to the differences in the initiation of the ionization waves, we observed that the CAPJ I was ignited and sustained at lower voltages, while CAPJ II produced a longer plasma jet. The observed advantages and deficiencies of investigated CAPJ configurations point out their potential in different applications. 相似文献
22.
Bubble behaviors near a boundary in an ultrasonic field are the fundamental forms of acoustic cavitation and of substantial importance in various applications, such as industry cleaning, chemical engineering and food processing. The effects of two important factors that strongly affect the dynamics of a single acoustic cavitation bubble, namely, the initial bubble radius and the standoff distance, were investigated in this work. The temporal evolution of the bubble was recorded using high speed microphotography. Meanwhile, the time of bubble collapse and the characteristics of the liquid jets were analyzed. The results demonstrate that the intensity of the acoustic cavitation, which is characterized by the time of bubble collapse and the liquid jet speed, reaches the optimum level under suitable values of the initial bubble radius and the normalized standoff distance. As the initial bubble radius and the normalized standoff distance increase or decrease from the optimal values, the time of the bubble collapse increases, and the first liquid jet’s speed decreases substantially, whereas the speeds of the second and third liquid jets exhibit no substantial changes. These results on bubble dynamics in an ultrasonic field are important for identifying or correcting the mechanisms of acoustic cavitation and for facilitating its optimization and application. 相似文献
23.
Hydrodynamic pressure exerted on a plunge pool slab by jet impingement is of high interest in high dam projects. The present study experimentally investigated the characteristics of pressure induced by a jet through a constant width flip bucket (CFB) and a slit flip bucket (SFB). A pressurized plane pipe was employed in the flume experiments to control the inlet velocities in the flip buckets. A concise method is proposed to predict the mean dynamic pressure field. Its implementation is summarized as follows: First, the position of the pressure field is determined by the trajectories of free jets, and to calculate its trajectories, an equation based on parabolic trajectory theory is used; second, the maximum mean dynamic pressure is obtained through dimensional analysis, and then the pressure field is established by applying the law of Gaussian distribution. Those steps are integrated into a concise computing procedure by using some easy-to-obtain parameters. Some key parameters, such as takeoff velocity coefficient, takeoff angle coefficient, and the parameter , are also investigated in this paper. The formulas of these coefficients are obtained by fitting the experimental data. Using the proposed method, the easy-to-obtain geometric parameters and initial hydraulic conditions can be used to calculate the maximum mean dynamic pressure on the slab. A comparison between experimental data and calculated results confirmed the practicability of this model. These research results provide a reference for hydraulic applications. 相似文献
24.
Marcos Juanes Rizalina Tama Saragi Cristbal Prez Luca Evangelisti Lourdes Enríquez Martín Jaraíz Alberto Lesarri 《Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)》2022,27(8)
Weakly-bound intermolecular clusters constitute reductionist physical models for non-covalent interactions. Here we report the observation of the monomer, the dimer and the monohydrate of 2-adamantanol, a secondary alcohol with a bulky ten-carbon aliphatic skeleton. The molecular species were generated in a supersonic jet expansion and characterized using broadband chirped-pulse microwave spectroscopy in the 2–8 GHz frequency region. Two different gauche-gauche O-H···O hydrogen-bonded isomers were observed for the dimer of 2-adamantanol, while a single isomer was observed for the monomer and the monohydrate. The experimental rotational parameters were compared with molecular orbital calculations using density functional theory (B3LYP-D3(BJ), B2PLYP-D3(BJ), CAM-B3LYP-D3(BJ), ωB97XD), additionally providing energetic and electron density characterization. The shallow potential energy surface makes the dimer an interesting case study to benchmark dispersion-corrected computational methods and conformational search procedures. 相似文献
25.
Detection of water in jet fuel using layer-by-layer thin film coated long period grating sensor 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Sean D. Puckett 《Talanta》2009,78(1):300-304
The quantitative measurement of jet fuel additives in the field is of interest to the Air Force. The “smart nozzle” project was designed as a state-of-the-art diagnostics package attached to a single-point refueling nozzle for assessing key fuel properties as the fuel is dispensed. The objective of the work was to show proof of concept that a layer-by-layer thin film and long period grating fibers could be used to detect the presence of water in jet fuel. The data for the nafion/PDMA film and a long period grating fiber is a combination capable of quantitative measurement of water in kerosene. The average response (spectral loss wavelength shift) to the kerosene sample ranged from −6.0 for 15 ppm to −126.5 for 60 ppm water. The average calculated value for the check standard was 21.71 and ranged from 21.25 to 22.00 with a true value of 22.5 ppm water. Potential interferences were observed and are judged to be insignificant in real samples. 相似文献
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大型高功率脉冲装置广泛应用于高能量密度物理的实验室中,随着诊断技术和流体力学模拟技术水平的提高,基于此类装置,实验室天体物理方向取得一些新的重要进展,文章主要介绍帝国理工大学Z箍缩结构的MAGPIE 脉冲功率装置上开展的关于磁重联和喷流的实验进展,在磁重联实验中,发现重联电流片中电子温度和离子温度远高于入流等离子体的温度,必然有其他效应导致电子和离子的异常高温;喷流实验中观察到弓形激波和锥形激波的产生。最后对Z 箍缩装置实验室天体物理学的未来发展做一些展望。 相似文献
30.
Marco Castrillón López Jaime Muñz Masquó 《International Journal of Theoretical Physics》2007,46(4):1020-1026
It is proved that the Euler–Lagrange equations of a Yang-Mills type Lagragian is independent with respect to the chosen pairing
in the Lie algebra. Moreover, the Hamilton-Cartan equations of these Lagrangians are obtained and proved to be also independent
with respect to the pairing.
PACS Numbers 2003: 02.20.Qs, 02.20.Sv, 02.20.Tw, 02.40.Ma, 02.40.Vh, 11.10.Ef, 11.15.Kc
Mathematics Subject Classification 2000: Primary 70S15, Secondary 58A20, 58E15, 58E30, 70S05, 70S10, 81T13 相似文献