基于数字图像处理的岩石细观破裂力学分析

将数字图像处理技术引入到岩石破裂过程分析RFPA2D(Rock Failure Process Analysis)系统,建立了岩石细观结构破坏过程分析方法．首先提取岩石的细观结构图像,再转化成RFPA2D的前处理数据和数值分析网格,然后进行应力求解和破坏分析．以花岗岩细观结构为例,阐述了运用基于数字图像处理技术的RFPA2D方法进行岩石细观结构破坏分析的过程．结果表明,在岩石破裂过程数值模拟分析中引入数字图像处理技术是岩石细观结构破坏力学行为研究的一种方便而有效的方法．     

考虑裂纹闭合效应的岩石损伤本构关系

岩石中的预存裂纹只有在一定的法向压应力即裂纹闭合应力的作用下才可能闭合，其闭合过程与其方位和外加应力场有关，并且，即使对于裂纹已经完全闭合的岩石，如果裂纹闭合应力不同，则岩石的应力应交关系也不相同。本文建立了考虑裂纹闭合效应的岩石细观损伤力学模型，分析了裂纹闭合应力对岩石损伤演化过程和应力应变关系的影响。数值结果表明裂纹闭合应力显著地改变岩石的应力应变关系，表现为随裂纹闭合应力的增加，岩石的轴向应变变化较小，侧向应变和体积应变则大为增加。     

A unified energy approach to a class of micromechanics models for composite materials

Several micromechanics models for the determination of composite moduli are investigated in this paper, including the dilute solution, self-consistent method, generalized self-consistent method, and Mori-Tanaka's method. These micromechanical models have been developed by following quite different approaches and physical interpretations. It is shown that all the micromechanics models share a common ground, the generalized Budiansky's energy-equivalence framework. The difference among the various models is shown to be the way in which the average strain of the inclusion phase is evaluated. As a bonus of this theoretical development, the asymmetry suffered in Mori-Tanaka's method can be circumvented and the applicability of the generalized self-consistent method can be extended to materials containing microcracks, multiphase inclusions, non-spherical inclusions, or non-cylindrical inclusions. The relevance to the differential method, double-inclusion model, and Hashin-Shtrikman bounds is also discussed. The application of these micromechanics models to particulate-reinforced composites and microcracked solids is reviewed and some new results are presented.     

热辐射应力图像分析确定裂纹尖端塑性区

本文借助于热辐应力图像分析技术记录了铝质紧养伤拉伸试件的热辐射应力图像。根据裂尖周围温度变化曲线的分布规律确定其特征区的,从而得以裂尖塑性区的开头曲线,并与理论值比较,符合良好。对裂纹扩展面进行ＳＥＭ分析,得出该试件的断裂特性,对于进行细观损伤研究有重要的意义。     

多向编织复合材料的力学性能研究

综述并评价了关于二维和三维编织复合材料的有效弹性模量研究的代表性工作,并从材料设计的思想出发,宏观与微观相结合,材料科学与力学相结合,对多向编织复合材料的宏观力学性能与细观织物结构、组分性能的关系及编织复合材料非线性行为进行了详细的理论分析和研究     

纳米晶材料变形行为的微观力学分析

将纳米晶材料视为包括晶粒和晶界的两相复合材料.基于能量平衡概念推导出纳米晶材料的增量本构关系.最后将本文发展的模型用于纯铜的单轴拉伸实验,讨论了晶粒大小、形状和晶粒分布的影响,并将模型预测的结果和已有的实验结果进行比较.     

多相材料有效性能预测的高精度方法

有效介质方法是常用的细观力学方法之一.其可用于计算多相材料的有效性能,并建立材料微细观结构和宏观性能的定量关系;有助于指导新材料设计,减少试验工作量等.然而,当夹杂含量升高时,传统有效介质方法的计算精度下降.本文以两相材料为研究对象,提出一种新的参考介质,即:为更合理考虑不同夹杂颗粒间的相互作用,假定参考介质的应变是基体相平均应变和某一修正张量的双点积.在此基础上,推导了新参考介质下两相材料的有效模量表达式,并给出该修正张量的近似计算方法;通过反复更新参考介质,采用多层次均匀化思路,将本文方法进一步用于多相材料性能的预测.为验证方法的有效性,将预测结果与已有模型结果和试验数据进行对比.结果表明本文方法较已有方法更为合理、有效.当夹杂含量升高时,本文方法较传统有效介质方法的计算精度有所提升.     

缝纫复合材料层合板面内拉伸强度研究

旨在研究由缝纫引起的材料弹性性质的变化并对缝纫复合材料层合板面内拉伸强度进行理论预测。认为缝纫引起的面内纤维偏转是缝纫影响复合材料面内力学性能的主要原因，引入最大纤维偏转角和变形区宽度两个结构参数，提出了描述材料非均匀性的纤维弯曲模型。采用多层次多尺度模拟的方法得到层合板非均匀的材料性质。通过二维有限元分析对单向拉伸载荷作用下的面内强度进行理论预测，得到与试验数据相吻合的结果，进而分析了缝纫密度对拉伸强度的影响。     

Development and experimental validation of a continuum micromechanics model for the elasticity of wood

This contribution covers the development and validation of a microelastic model for wood, based on a four-step homogenization scheme. At a length scale of several tens of nanometers, hemicellulose, lignin, and water are intimately mixed, and build up a polymer (polycrystal-type) network. At a length scale of around one micron, fiberlike aggregates of crystalline and amorphous cellulose are embedded in an contiguous polymer matrix, constituting the so-called cell wall material. At a length scale of about one hundred microns, the material softwood is defined, comprising cylindrical pores (lumen) in the cell wall material of the preceding homogenization step. Finally, at a length scale of several millimeters, hardwood comprises larger cylindrical pores (vessels) embedded in the softwood-type material homogenized before. Model validation rests on statistically and physically independent experiments: The macroscopic stiffness values (of hardwood or softwood) predicted by the micromechanical model on the basis of tissue-independent (‘universal’) phase stiffness properties of hemicellulose, amorphous cellulose, crystalline cellulose, lignin, and water (experimental set I) for tissue-specific composition data (experimental set IIb) are compared to corresponding experimentally determined tissue-specific stiffness values (experimental set IIa).     

含随机分布缺陷的多晶铁电材料的有效电弹性能

针对铁电材料含有随机分布缺陷以及微结构在外场作用下发生变化的特点,建立起一个细观统计力学模型,考虑到缺陷和酶极化转动之间的相互影响,利用细观力学方法－Eshelby等效夹杂法和Mori-Tanaka的平均理论,具体分析了所含缺陷以及外场对铁电材料有效电弹性能和模量的影响。针对BaTiO3铁电陶瓷的有效电弹性能与常数的预报结果表明了缺陷的存在将增强材料的压电性能。