准相位匹配周期极化掺镁铌酸锂490 nm倍频连续输出

在室温下通过外加电场极化法,首次用较低的极化开关电场～5.5 kV/mm,在厚为1 mm、长为20 mm、宽为18 mm的掺镁铌酸锂基片上成功的制备了周期为4.8～5.2 μm的一阶准相位匹配倍频光学微结构;并在室温下,以波长为980 nm的半导体激光器为基频光源,对所研制的微结构样品进行倍频通光实验,在入射基频光为800 mW时,产生约40 mW的490 nm的倍频光,其对应转换效率为5%,实验过程中未见绿致吸收光折变现象.     

火焰喷涂重熔Ni基WC复合涂层的耐磨性能试验研究

利用火焰喷涂重熔方法制备了Ni基WC复合涂层，并进行了耐磨性能试验研究.通过扫描电子显微镜观察涂层磨损后的表面形貌，分析了WC体积分数、颗粒分布均匀性、包裹粉颗粒尺寸对涂层耐磨性的影响.结果表明:涂层硬度和耐磨性随着WC体积分数增加而提高，当WC体积分数过高时，降低了涂层致密性，其硬度和耐磨性反而有所下降；聚乙二醇(PEG)400+PEG2000+无水乙醇混粉方式的WC颗粒分布最均匀，降低了涂层磨损量；加入相同体积分数的亚微米级WC所制备的涂层耐磨性较微米级WC所制备的涂层耐磨性好. 关键词： 火焰喷涂 显微组织 颗粒尺寸 耐磨性能     

Ordering of gas bubbles during light ion gas implantation

There have been interesting observations about ordering of microstructures during irradiation. The formation of void lattices is amongst the better known examples. Ordering has also been observed in small gas filled bubbles formed during low energy light ion implantation in the energy range 30–100 keV. The basic underlying mechanism for ordering of gas bubbles has not been clearly understood so far. We identify in this paper a basic instability in the growth kinetics of such bubbles which can develop during irradiation. This instability is shown to be associated with the interstitial production due to the high pressure inside these bubbles and their differential bias due to the strain field interactions with vacancies and interstitials. It is shown that such an instability leads to a selection of a wavelength scale which agrees with the observed lattice parameter.     

氧化镁在不同养护条件下水化产物的形貌分析

The morphologies of brucite formed from MgO hydration under different curing conditions were studied. The results showed that there were relations between the morphologies of brucite and its forming conditions. The size of brucite crystals increased with the curing time, and they were fiber-shaped at lower curing temperature and stick-shaped at higher temperature. When MgO was cured in paste with 10 percent cement, the crystal of brucite was fiber-shaped, while cured in paste with 95 percent cement, the crystal was hexaflaggy-shaped, which aggregated and produced some micro-cracks in paste when the curing temperature was increased. At 180 ℃ autoclaving temperature of MgO, the brucite was regular hexaflaggy-shaped crystal; for 216 ℃, it was less irregular. When the paste mixed with 50 percent fly ash, the crystal of brucite was needle-shaped and distributed more evenly, so decreased the deformation and crack of the concrete.     

Theory of Emanation Thermal Analysis IX. Inert gas release during thermal decomposition of solids

In the Emanation Thermal Analysis the release of inert gas atoms previously incorporated in the sample is measured. Results of the statistical modelling of the inert gas release during thermal decomposition of solids are presented. The updated model supposing three components in the solid-state reaction system including the formation of an intermediate metastable component on the surface of the newly formed component was proposed for the modelling of the ETA curves. The release of inert gas atoms previously incorporated into the sample is used as a probe of microstructure changes. The random nucleation mechanism was considered in the modelling. The model can be used in modelling ETA curves of solid-solid, solid-gas and solid-liquid interactions where the existence of metastable intermediate component is supposed. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

三维机织复合材料力学性能研究进展

对近年来关于三维机织复合材料力学性能的研究作了综述和归纳。研究表明,三维机织复合材料的力学性能不仅取决于纤维和基体的性能,而且与三维增强结构形式密切相关。通过对三维机织增强结 构的研究,获得了机织复合材料的细观结构和主要力学特征的关系,强调了增强纤维束轴向几何特征和截面形状对材料细观结构的重要影响。试验研究集中于观测机织复合材料的破坏模式,以分析三维机织结构对阻止损伤微裂纹扩展的贡献。理论分析方面较为成熟的研究是三维机织复合材料线弹性力学性能,其研究基础是层板理论模型、取向平均模型和有限元分析模型。而对强度及损伤方面的研究还有待于进一步的工作。本文对当前研究工作中的关键问题进行分析,并就今后的研究工作发表一些看法。      

泡沫铝的单向力学行为

本文对不同孔径的开孔泡沫铝材料的单向拉伸性能和单向压缩性能进行了研究,揭示了泡沫铝材料的变形机理,并且发现相对密度不是确定材料力学属性的唯一参数,孔径大小对材料的力学性能也有一定的影响。基于实验数据,我们讨论了材料的宏观力学性能和微观结构的联系,并利用Ramberg-Osgood模型描述了材料的单轴拉伸一维应力应变关系。     

Study on the Electrospinnability of Polyvinyl Alcohol Solutions by Using Water/N,N-dimethylacetamide or Water/N,N-dimethylformamide as Solvents

The electrospinning of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) (99% hydrolysis degree) aqueous solution with added organic solvents N, N-dimethylacetamide (DMAc) or N, N-Dimethylformamide (DMF) was investigated. After the addition of the organic solvents to the PVA aqueous solutions, the surface tension and conductivity decreased and the viscosity significantly increased, which caused an improved electrospinnability of the PVA solutions. The micro-structures of the three solutions were investigated by dynamic light scattering (DLS), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and dynamic viscoelastic measurements. The DLS data revealed that the swelling of the PVA coils was slightly increased but the overlaps of PVA coils decreased greatly after one of the organic solvents was added to the aqueous solution. The DSC data showed both the water-rich phase and PVA-rich phase were destroyed and the solution became more homogenous after the addition due to the interaction between the organic solvent and water. Viscoelastic data showed there was an obvious difference in the storage modulus behavior between the aqueous solutions and the water/solvents solutions. These changes in the micro-structure and properties were the reason for the improved electrospinnability of the PVA solution. According to scanning electron microscopy (SEM), the average diameter of the electrospun PVA nanofibers was about 308 nm for the DMF/water system, and 255 nm for the DMAC/water system, as compared with uneven diameter nanofibers for the water system.     

Microscopic degradation mechanism of polyimide film caused by surface discharge under bipolar continuous square impulse voltage

Polyimide （PI） film is an important type of insulating material used in inverter-fed motors. Partial discharge （PD） under a sequence of high-frequency square impulses is one of the key factors that lead to premature failures in insulation systems of inverter-fed motors. In order to explore the damage mechanism of PI film caused by discharge, an aging system of surface discharge under bipolar continuous square impulse voltage （BCSIV） is designed based on the ASTM 2275 01 standard and the electrical aging tests of PI film samples are performed above the partial discharge inception voltage （PDIV）. The chemical bonds of PI polymer chains are analyzed through Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy （FTIR） and the dielectric properties of unaged and aged PI samples are investigated by LCR testers HIOKI 3532-50. Finally, the micro-morphology and micro-structure changes of PI film samples are observed through scanning electron microscopy （SEM）. The results show that the physical and chemical effects of discharge cut off the chemical bonds of PI polymer chains. The fractures of ether bond （C-O-C） and imide ring （C-N-C） on the backbone of a PI polymer chain leads to the decrease of molecular weight, which results in the degradation of PI polymers and the generation of new chemical groups and materials, like carboxylic acid, ketone, aldehydes, etc. The variation of microscopic structure of PI polymers can change the orientation ability of polarizable units when the samples are under an AC electric field, which would cause the dielectric constant e to increase and dielectric loss tan ~ to decrease. The SEM images show that the degradation path of PI film is initiated from the surface and then gradually extends to the interior with continuous aging. The injection charge could result in the PI macromolecular chain degradation and increase the trap density in the PI oolvmer bulk.     

Synthesis of Mg5(CO3)4(OH)2·4H2O with Flower-like Microstructure and Its Catalytic Activity for Transesterification of Dimethyl Carbonate with Phenol

A novel flower-like hydrated magnesium carbonate hydroxide, Mg5(CO3)4(OH)2 · 4H2O, with micro-structure composed of individual thin nano-sheets was synthesized using a facile solution route without the use of template or organic surfactant. Reaction time has an important effect on the final morphology of the product. The micro-structure and morphology of Mg5(CO3)4(OH)2·4H2O were characterized by means of X-ray diffractometry ( XRD), fieldemission scanning electron microscopy(FE-SEM). Brunauer-Emmett-Teller(BET) surface areas of the samples were also measured. The probable formation mechanism of flower-like micro-structure was discussed. It was found that Mg5(CO3)4(OH)2·4H2O with flower-like micro-strucure was a novel and efficient catalyst for the synthesis of diphenyl carbonate (DPC) by transesterification of dimethyl carbonate (DMC) with phenol.