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41.
1. Introduction As an effective utilization of methane, the methane dehydro-aromatization was focused in the last decade [1-28]. Over the Mo/HZSM-5 bi- functional catalyst at high reaction temperature, methane can be converted into light aromatics (ben- zene and naphthalene) and hydrogen. Mo active species can activate the C—H bond of methane; and HZSM-5 supplies the acid sites for the oligomeriza- tion and cyclization of hydrocarbons to form aromat- ics, and suppresses the deeper condens… 相似文献
42.
Sergey Y. Savinov Hwaung Lee Hyung Keun Song Byung-Ki Na 《Plasma Chemistry and Plasma Processing》2003,23(1):159-173
An experimental study of plasmachemical reaction involving CH4 and N2 molecules in rf discharge was studied in order to know the effect of vibrational excitation of N2 molecules. When the relative nitrogen concentration was greater than 0.8, the main product of CH4 decomposition was HCN, and the rate of methane decomposition at this condition was faster than that one in pure methane. These results could be confirmed through the mass spectroscopic method. The reason for these results is the vibrational energy of N2 excited by rf discharge. The chain reaction mechanisms of producing HCN by vibrational excitation of N2 were examined closely through numerical simulation. The rate-controlling step was the dissociation reaction of excited nitrogen molecule to the atomic nitrogen, so the process of HCN synthesis was limited by the value of reaction constant, kN. 相似文献
43.
Studies of the Methane Steam Reforming Reaction at High Pressure in a Ceramic Membrane Reactor
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The effects of temperature and pressure on the steam reforming of methane 3H2+CO) were investigated in a membrane reactor (MR) with a hydrogen permeable membrane. The studies used a novel silica-based membrane prepared by using the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) technique with a permeance for H2 of 6.0×l0-8 mol·m-2·s-1·Pa-1 at 923 K. The results in a packed-bed reactor (PBR) were compared to those of the membrane reactor at various temperatures (773-923 K) and pressures (1-20 atm, 101.3-2026.5 kPa) using a commercial Ni/MgAl2O4 catalyst. The conversion of methane was improved significantly in the MR by the countercurrent removal of hydrogen at all temperatures and allowed product yields higher than the equilibrium to be obtained. Pressure had a positive effect on the hydrogen yield because of the increase in driving force for the permeance of hydrogen. The yield of hydrogen increased with pressure and reached a value of 73×10-6 mol·g-1·s-1 at 2026.5 kPa and 923 K which was higher by 108% than the value of 35×10-6 mol·g-1·s-1 obtained for the equilibrium yield. The results obtained with the silica-based membrane were similar to those obtained with various other membranes as reported in the literature. 相似文献
44.
Teodoro Espinosa-Solares John Bombardiere Mark Chatfield Max Domaschko Michael Easter David A. Stafford Saul Castillo-Angeles Nehemias Castellanos-Hernandez 《Applied biochemistry and biotechnology》2006,132(1-3):959-968
Intensive poultry production generates over 100,000 t of litter annually in West Virginia and 9×106 t nationwide. Current available technological alternatives based on thermophilic anaerobic digestion for residuals treatment
are diverse. A modification of the typical continuous stirred tank reactor is a promising process being relatively stable
and owing to its capability to manage considerable amounts of residuals at low operational cost. A 40-m3 pilot plant digester was used for performance evaluation considering energy input and methane production. Results suggest
some changes to the pilot plant configuration are necessary to reduce power consumption although maximizing biodigester performance. 相似文献
45.
Jack H. Lunsford 《Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)》1995,34(9):970-980
One of the great challenges in the field of heterogeneous catalysis is the conversion of methane to more useful chemicals and fuels. A chemical of particular importance is ethene, which can be obtained by the oxidative coupling of methane. In this reaction CH4 is first oxidatively converted into C2H6, and then into C2H4. The fundamental aspects of the problem involve both a heterogeneous component, which includes the activation of CH4 on a metal oxide surface, and a homogeneous gas-phase component, which includes free-radical chemistry. Ethane is produced mainly by the coupling of the surface-generated CH radicals in the gas phase. The yield of C2H4 and C2H6 is limited by secondary reactions of CH radicals with the surface and by the further oxidation of C2H4, both on the catalyst surface and in the gas phase. Currently, the best catalysts provide 20% CH4 conversion with 80% combined C2H4 and C2H6 selectivity in a single pass through the reactor. Less is known about the nature of the active centers than about the reaction mechanism; however, reactive oxygen ions are apparently required for the activation of CH4 on certain catalysts. There is spectroscopic evidence for surface O? or O ions. In addition to the oxidative coupling of CH4, cross-coupling reactions, such as between methane and toluene to produce styrene, have been investigated. Many of the same catalysts are effective, and the cross-coupling reaction also appears to involve surface-generated radicals. Although a technological process has not been developed, extensive research has resulted in a reasonable understanding of the elementary reactions that occur during the oxidative coupling of methane. 相似文献
46.
A. I. Bostan Yu. I. Pyatnitskii L. N. Raevskaya V. G. Pryanikova S. A. Nedil’ko A. G. Dzyaz’ko E. G. Zen’kovich 《Theoretical and Experimental Chemistry》2005,41(1):32-36
The oxidative coupling of methane (OCM) in a periodic regime over the SrMnO3 and its derivatives has been investigated. It has been established that partial replacement of the strontium ion by alkali metal ions leads to an increase in both catalytic activity and in selectivity with respect to higher hydrocarbons. Comparison of the results obtained in the present work with those obtained earlier for catalysts based on SrCoO3 led to the conclusion that the Co-containing catalysts were preferable to the Mn-containing catalysts for carrying out oxidative coupling of methane in a periodic regime.__________Translated from Teoreticheskaya i Éksperimentalnaya Khimiya, Vol. 41, No. 1, pp. 30–34, January–February, 2005. 相似文献
47.
QijianZhang DehuaHe QimingZhu 《天然气化学杂志》2003,12(2):81-89
The direct conversion of methane to methanol has attracted a great deal of attention for nearly a century since it was first found possible in 1902, and it is still a challenging task. This review article describes recent advancements in the direct partial oxidation of methane to methanol. The history of direct oxidation of methane and the difficulties encountered in the partial oxidation of methane to methanol are briefly summarized. Recently reported developments in gas-phase homogeneous oxidation, heterogeneous catalytic oxidation and liquid phase homogeneous catalytic oxidation of methane axe reviewed. 相似文献
48.
Xiu Ling ZHANG Wei Min GONG* Bin DAI Chang Hou LIU Plasma Chemistry Laboratory Dalian University of Technology Dalian Center of Analysis Dalian Institute of Light Industry Dalian 《中国化学快报》2002,(2)
The oxidative coupling of methane (OCM) to C2 hydrocarbons using carbon dioxide as oxidant is an attractive process from environmental point of view. Only a few research papers reported for it1-3. In general, the yield of C2 hydrocarbons was about 6%. This indicated that the method of catalytic activation was unfavorable to the reaction. It is necessary for us to find a new method in order to activate reaction and improve C2 hydrocarbon yield. Non-equilibrium plasma is a cold plasma in… 相似文献
49.
Direct Synthesis of Oxygenates from Water and Methane via Dielectric-barrier Discharge 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
BaoWeiWANG GenHuiXU 《中国化学快报》2004,15(7):779-780
In this investigation, a clean, atomic economic and direct synthesis of oxygenates (methanol, ethanol) form water and methane via dielectric-barrier discharge was developed at room temperature and under atmospheric pressure. The effect of discharge voltage on this process was studied. The results showed that the conversion of water can be as high as 7%, the selectivity of methanol and ethanol can be as high as 100%. 相似文献
50.
JinguangXu ZhijianTian JunweiWang YunpengXu ZhushengXu LiwuLin 《天然气化学杂志》2003,12(2):105-112
Conventional oven drying (COD) and supercritical drying (SCD) methods were applied to the preparation of Mn-substituted hexaaluminate (BaMnA111O19-α) catalysts. The effect of drying methods on phase composition, specific surface area, pore structure, reduction behavior of Mn^3 ions, and combus-tion activity of the samples was investigated. The homogenous mixing of the components in the sol-gel process could be maintained by SCD, and the hexaaluminate phase was almost the only phase of the resulting materials after calcination. H2-TPR revealed that the Mn^3 ions in the sample obtained by SCD were easier to be reduced than that by COD. Moreover, the samples obtained by SCD have higher surface area, narrower pore size distribution, and higher combustion activity than those obtained by COD. 相似文献