磁驱动准等熵压缩下单晶氟化锂的光学特性

以"阳"加速器和PTS装置为驱动源,开了展单晶氟化锂(LiF,通光方向[100])窗口材料在准等熵压缩下的光学特性实验研究。应用全光纤激光多普勒探针系统(DPS,激光波长1550nm)同时测量了Ly12铝材料电极加窗和未加窗的后界面速度历史,结合窗口材料修正方法获取了单晶氟化锂窗口材料在实验条件下折射率随密度的变化和界面粒子速度修正因子。每次实验可获取窗口材料样品的连续加载历史数据,进而处理得到LiF窗口材料在近50GPa准等熵压力范围内的修正因子。结合拟合的线性关系,进一步处理获得了在实验过程中折射率随密度的变化。将这些实验结果与D.E.Fratanduono,Y.Ma,B.J.Jensen的对应数据比较,其中与光子多普勒测速系统(PDV,1550nm)测量结果基本相符,不确定度与多次冲击实验得到的结果相当。     

Evolution of magnetic domain structure of martensite in Ni–Mn–Ga films under the interplay of the temperature and magnetic field

Ferromagnetic shape memory Ni-Mn-Ga films with 7M modulated structure were prepared on MgO （001） substrates by magnetron sputtering. Magnetization process with a typical two-hysteresis loop indicates the occurrence of the reversible magnetic field-induced reorientation. Magnetic domain structure and twin structure of the film were controlled by the in- terplay of the magnetic and temperature field. With cooling under an out-of-plane magnetic field, the evolution of magnetic domain structure reveals that martensitic transformation could be divided into two periods： nucleation and growth. With an in-plane magnetic field applied to a thermomagnetic-treated film, the evolution of magnetic domain structure gives evidence of a reorientation of twin variants of martensite. A microstructural model is described to define the twin structure and to produce the magnetic domain structure at the beginning of martensitic transformation; based on this model, the relationship between the twin structure and the magnetic domain structure for the treated film under an in-plane field is also described.     

可磁分离二氧化钛光催化剂的制备及其光催化性能

通过液相催化相转化的方法制备了一种可磁分离的光催化剂TiO₂/SiO₂/NiFe₂O₄(TSN),这种光催化剂显示出了超顺磁性,能够通过外加磁场方便的实现催化剂在水中的分离与回收。该光催化剂的X-射线衍射和TEM结果表明：纳米TiO₂颗粒包裹在磁性颗粒-SiO₂/NiFe₂O₄(SN)的周围形成TiO₂层。利用光催化降解甲基橙的效果来考察了这种光催化剂的活性,结果表明：在NiFe₂O₄和TiO₂之间包覆一层无定型的SiO₂,可以显著的提高催化剂的脱色效果,3次循环后,仍能保持良好的催化活性。     

Magnetic Stirring-Assisted Dispersive Suspended Microextraction with Solidification of a Floating Organic Droplet for the Determination of Trace Fungicides in Water and Wine

For the first time, a simple method for magnetic stirring-assisted dispersive suspended microextraction has been developed for the determination of three fungicides (azoxystrobin, diethofencarb, and pyrimethanil) in water and wine samples. The method is based on the solidification of a floating organic droplet coupled with high performance liquid chromatography. In the proposed method, the low toxicity solvent 1-dodecanol was used as the extractant. Both the extraction and phase separation process were performed with magnetic stirring. No centrifugation step was involved. After separating the two phases, the extraction solvent droplet was easily collected through solidification at lower temperature. Important parameters such as the kind and volume of organic extraction solvent, extraction and restoration speed, extraction and restoration time, and salt concentration were optimized. Under the optimal conditions, the limits of detection for the analytes varied from 0.14 to 0.26 µg L^?1. The enrichment factors ranged from 125–200. The linearity ranges were 1–2000 µg L^?1, yielding correlation coefficients (r) higher than 0.9990. The relative standard deviation (n = 6) at two spiked level of 0.2 µg mL^?1 and 4 µg L^?1 varied between 2.2% and 7.8%. Finally, the developed technique was successfully applied to determine target fungicides in real water and wine samples, where the obtained recoveries ranged from 83.8–105.3%     

Examination of n=2 reaction mechanisms that reproduce pH-dependent reduction potentials

This work describes a new sampling method termed directly suspended droplet microextraction (DSDME) was developed. In this technique a free microdroplet of solvent is delivered to the surface of an immiscible aqueous sample while being agitated by a stirring bar placed on the bottom of the sample cell. After some time, the microdroplet of solvent is withdrawn by a syringe and analyzed. Under the proper stirring conditions, the suspended droplet can remain in a top-center position of the aqueous sample. The droplet can become partly engulfed within the sample while maintaining a stable shape with mechanical equilibrium and the mass transfer could be effectively intensified. Using 1,8-dioxyanthraquinone as a model compound and 1-octanol as the solvent, the extraction performance was investigated using HPLC. Since DSDME is based on a self-stable single microdroplet system, there are no requirements for special equipment or other supporting material like hollow fibers. Other advantages include ease of operation, free from cross contamination, quick to reach extraction equilibrium, and the ability to be combined with various analysis instruments. In our experiments, good linearity (r² = 0.9992) and precision (R.S.D. < 1%, n = 5) were achieved. DSDME is a promising pre-treatment method for the fast analysis of trace components in complicated matrices.     

多孔介质中悬浮颗粒渗透迁移特性的试验研究

通过室内土柱试验,研究硅微粉和聚苯乙烯微球两种不同的悬浮颗粒的迁移特性,考虑pH、温度和渗流速度对悬浮颗粒迁移的影响,结合理论解对试验数据进行拟合,并确定迁移参数,进而讨论pH对迁移参数的影响.结果表明:pH是影响多孔介质中悬浮颗粒迁移的重要因素,当温度为5℃时,两种悬浮颗粒质量浓度峰值随着pH值的增大而提高;当温度增...     

磁绝缘线振荡器重复频率运行真空系统优化

为改善一种L波段磁绝缘线振荡器（MILO）重复频率运行时的真空环境,建立了器件在分子流下的抽气模型,采用Monte-Carlo方法对阴极脉冲放气后的瞬态抽气过程进行了模拟计算,获得了不同时刻气体分子在MILO内部的3维分布情况,并据此提出了一种分布式抽气方案,即在MILO靠近气源的微波传输区增加一抽气单元,以缩短脉冲间隔内的抽气时间。在Torch-01调制器上开展了MILO分布式抽气的实验验证,结果显示,分布式抽气时的气压下降特征时间为单泵的0.22倍,与模拟结果基本一致;初步的重复频率测试也表明分布式抽气能够缩短脉冲串间隔内的抽气时间以保持器件运行时的真空水平。在所给实验条件下,从真空的角度,分布式抽气能够使MILO有效运行的重复频率数提升至单泵抽气时的5倍。     

定床弯道内水沙两相运动的数值模拟

在适体同位网格中采用非正交曲线坐标系下的三维k-ε-kp固液两相双流体湍流模型研究弯道内水流和悬浮泥沙运动,主要计算了试验室S型水槽内清水流动的三维流场、120°弯道内水沙两相流动中底沙与底流的运动轨迹以及S型水槽内水沙两相流动的两相流场和泥沙浓度场. 对于S型水槽内清水流动,数值结果与试验结果吻合良好. 120°弯道内水沙两相流动中固液两相的运动轨迹在弯道直线段基本重合,在弯道内泥沙轨迹逐步偏离水体轨迹,其偏离程度随泥沙粒径增大而增大. 从S型水槽内水沙两相流动计算结果中发现泥沙纵向流速在壁面附近比水流纵向速度大,在远离壁面区域比水流纵向速度小;弯道内泥沙横向流速比水流横向流速小;垂向流速在直线段和泥沙沉速相当,在弯道内受螺旋水流影响而变化;两相流速差别随泥沙粒径增大而变大;泥沙浓度呈现下浓上稀的分布,在弯道内横向断面上呈现凸岸大凹岸小的分布,泥沙浓度随泥沙粒径增大而减小.      

应用多元线性回归法测定黄河口不同粒径悬浮物中的有机碳含量

悬浮颗粒物(TSS)粒径与颗粒有机碳(POC)含量的关系研究,是河口淡、咸水混合过程中有机碳形态变化及其输送过程和输运通量研究的基础。在沉降法分级的基础上,结合激光粒度仪粒度测定,用多元线性回归分析法处理所得数据,校正了由于沉降分级的粒径交错现象而导致POC测定中小粒径TSS的POC含量偏低、大粒径TSS的POC含量偏高的问题,获得了样品中不同粒径TSS的POC含量。实验发现,黄河口水体中POC含量随TSS粒径的增加显著递减,80%以上的颗粒有机碳集中在<16μm的TSS中,而粒径<32μm的悬浮物承载了95%以上的颗粒有机碳的入海量。