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为了验证ITER磁体支撑结构的可靠性,建立了多维加载测试平台对支撑部件进行机械性能检测。测量控制系统由7台EDC控制器、计算机系统、16通道准动态应变仪、25只位移传感器、7套油缸中的负荷和位移传感器组成。基于可编程语言,利用EDC220数字控制器实现了多通道协调加载的测量和控制过程,完成了7套双油缸高精度同步控制实验。针对典型的加载工况进行工程测试。结果表明,测控系统设计合理,控制系统可靠,能满足下一步的实验要求。     

Fe3O4@SiO2@mTiO2介孔多功能纳米复合颗粒的制备及载药能力

以溶剂热法制备氨基功能化的Fe₃O₄纳米颗粒为磁核,结合溶胶-凝胶法和模板法在其表面先后包覆上致密的SiO₂层和介孔TiO₂层,制备了磁性-发光-微波热转换性-介孔结构为一体的多功能核-壳结构纳米复合颗粒,并对其结构、性能及载药能力进行了研究。XRD分析表明:Fe₃O₄表面包覆上了无定形结构的SiO₂和TiO₂。TEM照片表明:所得的纳米复合颗粒具有明显的核壳结构和完美的球形,构成核的Fe₃O₄颗粒的尺寸在40~50 nm之间,Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@mTiO₂核壳结构纳米复合颗粒的尺寸为60~70 nm,壳层厚度约10 nm,并可观察到壳层中清晰的孔状结构。磁性、荧光光谱和微波热转换特性分析表明:该复合颗粒同时具有良好的发光性、磁性和微波热转换特性。N₂气吸附及药物负载率分析表明,该复合颗粒具有较高的比表面积(640 m²·g^-1)和介孔结构(孔径约2.8 nm)并且具有较高的药物负载率。     

Hierarchical Self‐Assembled Photo‐Responsive Tubisomes from a Cyclic Peptide‐Bridged Amphiphilic Block Copolymer

Typically, the morphologies of the self‐assembled nanostructures from block copolymers are limited to spherical micelles, wormlike micelles and vesicles. Now, a new generation of materials with unique shape and structures, cylindrical soft matter particles (tubisomes), are obtained from the hierarchical self‐assembly of cyclic peptide‐bridged amphiphilic diblock copolymers. The capacity of obtained photo‐responsive tubisomes as potential drug carriers is evaluated. The supramolecular tubisomes pave an alternative way for fabricating polymeric tubular structures, and will expand the toolbox for the rational design of functional hierarchical nanostructures.     

Magnetically Induced Alignment of Natural Products for Stereochemical Structure Determination via NMR

Anisotropic NMR has gained increasing popularity to determine the structure and specifically the configuration of small, flexible, non‐crystallizable molecules. However, it suffers from the necessity to dissolve the analyte in special media such as liquid crystals or polymer gels. Generally, small degrees of alignment are also caused by an anisotropic magnetic susceptibility of the molecule, for example, induced by aromatic moieties. For this mechanism, the alignment can be predicted via density functional theory. Here we show that both residual dipolar couplings and residual chemical shift anisotropies can be acquired from natural products without special sample preparation using magnetically induced alignment. On the two examples of the novel natural product gymnochrome G and the alkaloid strychnine, these data, together with the predicted alignment, yield the correct configuration with high certainty.     

In-plane strain analysis of transparent polymer substrate subjected to torsional loading using non-linear analytical model and optical fiber grating

Stretchable electronics have attracted great attention in recent years due to low-cost, physical robustness, light weight, and potential for multi-level integration. However, effective methods for analyzing the strains developed in polymer substrates under torsional loading are essential to ensure that the device meets its functional and mechanical requirements. Accordingly, the present study proposes two analytical models (one linear and one non-linear) based on thin plate theory and large deformation assumptions for predicting the in-plane strain of polymer substrates with known geometries and material parameters as a function of the torsional loading. It is shown that the predictions of the non-linear model, which includes 3 s-order strain components, is in excellent agreement with the experimental results obtained by using two optical fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) attached to the substrate surface. Further experiments are performed to investigate the torsional behavior of polymer substrates with different thicknesses, coating films and aspect ratio(length/width). The results show that the in-plane strain increases with an increasing thickness, but decreases with the addition of a thin ITO coating and aspect ratio (length-to-width).     

Influence of lipid content and dilution on properties and stability of nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) prepared from rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum L.) kernel fat and evaluation of their β-carotene loading capacity

Abstract

The effects of lipid content and dilution on the properties and stability of nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) prepared from rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum L.) kernel fat were investigated. The β-carotene-loading capacity of the NLCs was also evaluated. NLCs containing various lipid phase concentrations (5, 10, and 15?wt%) were prepared using Tween 80 as the emulsifier with a lipid to emulsifier weight ratio of 1:0.2. The results showed that an increase in the lipid content up to 15?wt% had no effect on the zeta-potential, particle size and polydispersity index but resulted in a higher particle density. All samples showed no phase separation during storage at 25?°C for 28?days; however, the relative recrystallization index (RRI) increased. Dilution of concentrated NLC (15?wt%) to a lower lipid content (5 and 10?wt%) produced no differences in the particle characteristics and stability during storage. NLCs loaded with β-carotene at different concentrations (0, 0.5, and 1?wt% of the lipid phase) exhibited desirable characteristics and had high encapsulation efficiency (～97%) over 28?days of storage. These results demonstrated that NLC prepared from rambutan kernel fat can be used to entrap lipophilic bioactive components which could be used as ingredients in functional food products.     

Systematic Identification of Analytical Indicators to Measure Soil Load on Plants for Safety Assessment Purposes

Abstract

Contaminants in soil can be transferred to humans and other biota when soil dust on plants is ingested as food. Measuring how much soil is on plants, in the absence of artificial tracers or contaminants, is difficult because of the very small amounts involved and the confounding effect of absorption of elements through roots. However, measurements of soil load are essential for assessment modelling. We compared the ability of several analysis strategies, involving naturally occurring elements, to predict the soil load on plants. Large samples of 12 vegetable and fruit crops were collected, along with corresponding soil samples. An independent measure of soil load on the crop samples was derived from a combination of gravimetric measurements, including loss on washing and the acid-insoluble ash content. The best agreement between the elemental-abundance and the gravimetric methods was for Sr in the plant acid-insoluble ash. Through a systematic process of elimination, we conclude that analyses of the acid-insoluble ash fraction of the plant samples for Al, Ba, Fe, Si, Sr and Ti are most reliable. If analyses are to be restricted to the full plant ash, then the choice of analytes is restricted to Al, Fe, Si and Ti. Soil loads in our study averaged 20 mg soil kg^?1 dry plant for leafy tissues and 2 mg soil kg^?1 for fruits, and washing decreased soil loads about 1.5 fold.     

Numerical-Analytic Solution of Boundary-Value Stress-Strain Problems for Rotating Anisotropic Cylinders

A numerical-analytical approach is proposed to solve boundary-value stress-strain problems for hollow inhomogeneous cylinders under centrifugal loading. Their elastic characteristics vary in both radial and circumferential directions. The governing system of ordinary differential equations is derived using Fourier series for stresses and displacements. It is solved by the discrete-orthogonalization method. Solutions to specific problems are exemplified __________ Translated from Prikladnaya Mekhanika, Vol. 41, No. 8, pp. 82–87, August 2005.     

Application of Special Nonsmooth Temporal Transformations to Linear and Nonlinear Systems under Discontinuous and Impulsive Excitation

Linear and nonlinear mechanical systems under periodic impulsive excitation are considered. Solutions of the differential equations of motion are represented in a special form which contains a standard pair of nonsmooth periodic functions and possesses a convenient structure. This form is also suitable in the case of excitation with a periodic series of discontinuities of the first kind (a stepwise excitation). The transformations are illustrated in a series of examples. An explicit form of analytical solutions has been obtained for periodic regimes. In the case of parametric impulsive excitation, it is shown that a nonequidistant distribution of the impulses with dipole-like temporal shifts may significantly effect the qualitative characteristics of the response. For example, the sequence of instability zones loses its different subsequences depending on the parameter of the shifts. It is shown that the method's applicability can be extended for nonperiodic regimes by involving the idea of averaging.     

Drift and Diffusion in Periodically Driven Renewal Processes

We consider the drift and diffusion properties of periodically driven renewal processes. These processes are defined by a periodically time dependent waiting time distribution, which governs the interval between subsequent events. We show that the growth of the cumulants of the number of events is asymptotically periodic and develop a theory which relates these periodic growth coefficients to the waiting time distribution defining the periodic renewal process. The first two coefficients, which are the mean frequency and effective diffusion coefficient of the number of events are considered in greater detail. They may be used to quantify stochastic synchronization.