用于木材水分检测的单边核磁共振传感器设计

为了实现对木材水分的无损检测,设计了一种单边核磁共振（unilateral nuclear magnetic resonance,UMR）传感器,该传感器由单边磁体、抗涡流板、射频线圈、阻抗匹配和调谐电路构成．在距离传感器表面上方75 mm处的50 mm×50 mm的平面内,建立了71.1 mT（共振频率为3.027 MHz）的静态磁场．本文详细介绍了该传感器的设计思路和实现方法,并开展了初步的木材水分无损测量实验．对圆柱形树桩的径向水分分布进行了一维扫描测量,观察了水分由树皮向树芯逐步深入过程中横向弛豫时间（T₂）的变化规律,还使用UMR仪对木材干燥过程中水分的挥发进行了测量.实验结果表明,随着干燥的加剧,被测样品T₂谱的长T₂波峰明显左移、积分面积渐减,而且积分面积与木材样品含水率呈正比．本文为木材研究提供了一种便携的NMR测量设备设计方案,且可以实现野外活体树木的无损测量．     

Thermal stability of alkoxy monolayers grafted on Si(1 1 1)

Direct grafting of organic monolayers on Si is of prime interest in order to give specific properties to a silicon surface. However, for microelectronics applications, this possibility is hampered by the limited stability of the grafted layers. It has been previously established that alkyl layers attached to Si surfaces through Si-C bonds become unstable at 250-300 °C, by desorption of alkenes. Changing the nature of the bonding to the surface might allow one to circumvent this desorption pathway and increase the layer stability. In our work, decanol and decyl aldehyde are reacted with the Si(1 1 1)-H surface at ∼100 °C during 20 h in order to obtain alkoxy monolayers. FTIR measurements performed in ATR geometry show that the grafted molecule surface coverage is on the order of 33% after reaction with decanol and 50% after reaction with decyl aldehyde. Characterization by AFM essentially reveals that the morphology of the grafted surfaces is unaffected as compared to that of Si-H surfaces. However, the edges of the terraces at alcohol-grafted surfaces exhibit some pitting, probably due to the presence of water in the grafting liquid. Thermal stability studies show that alkoxy chains progressively disappear from the Si surface between 200 and 400 °C. From the CH₂/CH₃ ratio in the CH region (2760-3070 cm⁻¹), it appears that the chains undergo progressive dissociation by C-C bond breaking before their complete disappearance from the surface. Therefore, the thermal behaviour of alkoxy monolayers appears quite distinct from that of alkyl monolayers that tend to leave the surface in a much narrower temperature range (250-350 °C), essentially via breaking of the Si-C bonds.     

Energy spectra of exciton states in disk-shaped GaAs-Ga<Subscript>1-x</Subscript>Al<Subscript>x</Subscript>As quantum dots under growth-direction magnetic fields

A theoretical study, within the effective-mass approximation, of the effects of applied magnetic fields on excitons in disk-shaped GaAs-Ga_1-xAl_xAs quantum dots is presented. Magnetic fields are applied in the growth direction of the semiconductor heterostructure. The parity of the excitonic envelope function related to the simultaneous exchange of z_e→-z_e and z_h→-z_h is a good quantum number and the wave function, both the odd and even parity, can be expanded as combination of products of the quantum well electron and hole function that preserves the parity with appropriate Gaussian functions. We have simultaneously obtained the energies of the excitonic ground and excited states and discuss the behavior of these energies as a function of the magnetic field.     

The heavy-ion magnetic spectrometer PRISMA

PRISMA is a magnetic spectrometer installed at Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro (Italy) and designed for A=100–200, E=5–10 MeV-per-nucleon beams, and for possible use with the proposed radioactive beam facility SPES. The foremost features of the instrument are presented, along with the outline of two data analyses exemplifying the effectiveness of PRISMA-CLARA in studies of reaction dynamics.     

光梯度力与激光捕获

从电偶极子在非均匀电磁场中所受梯度力出发,用光的电磁理论和电解质小球的电偶极子模型,论述了介质小球在光场中所受光梯度力与光强梯度成正比,并以此来定量说明激光对介质小球的捕获原理.     

Interplay between out-of-plane magnetic plasmon and lattice resonance for modified resonance lineshape and near-field enhancement in double nanoparticles array

Two-dimensional double nanoparticle （DNP） arrays are demonstrated theoretically, supporting the interaction between out-of-plane magnetic plasmons and in-plane lattice resonances, which can be achieved by tuning the nanoparticle height or the array period due to the height-dependent magnetic resonance and the periodicity-dependent lattice resonance. The interplay between the two plasmon modes can lead to a remarkable change in resonance lineshape and an improvement on magnetic field enhancement. Simultaneous electric field and magnetic field enhancement can be obtained in the gap region between neighboring particles at two resonance frequencies as the interplay occurs, which presents “open” cavities as electromagnetic field hot spots for potential applications on detection and sensing. The results not only offer an attractive way to tune the optical responses of plasmonic nanostructure, but also provide further insight into the plasmon interactions in periodic nanostructure or metamaterials comprising multiple elements.     

高精度手持式多功能人眼安全激光测距仪

研制的手持式多功能人眼安全激光测距仪,集成了数字罗盘、GPS、白光瞄准通道、人眼安全激光测距组件、低功耗微显示器等功能模块,具备方位角／俯仰角测量、地理经纬度测量、可见光目视观察、激光测距、分划线夜间照明、综合信息集成显示和输出等功能,经过外场测试,整机作用距离达到10km,测距精度2m,方位角／俯仰角精度0．5°,定位精度CEP值为10m,满足设计要求。     

The bond force constants of graphene and benzene calculated by density functional theory

Stretching (k_r) and bending (k_θ) bond force constants appropriate to describe the bond stiffness of graphene and benzene are calculated using density functional theory. The effect of employing different exchange-correlation functionals for the calculation of k_r and k_θ is discussed using the generalised gradient approximation (GGA) and the local density approximation (LDA). For benzene, k_r = 7.93 mdyn Å^-1 and k_θ = 0.859 mdyn Å rad^-2 using LDA, while k_r = 7.67 mdyn Å^-1 and k_θ = 0.875 mdyn Å rad^-2 using GGA. For graphene, k_r = 7.40 mdyn Å^-1 and k_θ = 0.769 mdyn Å rad^-2 using LDA, while k_r = 6.88 mdyn Å^-1 and k_θ = 0.776 mdyn Å rad^-2 using GGA. This means the difference between the bond force constants for benzene and graphene can be as large as ～12%. The comparison between these two systems allows for elucidation of the effect of periodicity and substitution of carbon atoms by hydrogen in the stiffness of C–C bonds. This effect can be explained by a different redistribution of the charge density when the systems are subjected to strain. The parameters k_r and k_θ computed here can serve as an input to molecular mechanics or finite element codes of larger carbon molecules, which in the past had frequently assumed the same bond force constants for graphene, benzene or carbon nanotubes.     

Carbon-13 NMR Study of 2,4,6-Triaryl Pyridinium Salts

The carbon-13 chemical shift of seventeen N-substituted 2,4,6-triphenyl pyridinium salts (TPP) and N-substituted 2,4,6-triaryl pyridinium (TsPP) salts have been determined.     

The bond force constants and elastic properties of boron nitride nanosheets and nanoribbons using a hierarchical modeling approach

A hierarchical approach bridging the atomistic and nanometric scales is used to compute the elastic properties of boron nitride nanosheets and nanoribbons, examining the effect of sheet size, aspect ratio and anisotropy. The approach consists in obtaining the bond force (force field) constants by dedicated computations based on density functional theory (DFT) and using such constants as input for larger scale structural models solved by finite element analysis (FEA). The bond force constants calculated by DFT are 616.9 N/m for stretching, 6.27×10⁻¹⁹ Nm/rad² for in-plane rotation and 1.32×10⁻¹⁹ Nm/rad² for dihedral rotation. Using these constants, the elastic properties of boron nitride nanosheets and nanoribbons predicted by FEA are almost independent of the sheet size, but strongly dependent on their aspect ratio. The sheet anisotropy increases with increased aspect ratio, with nanoribbons of aspect ratios of 10 exhibiting a ratio of elastic moduli along both in-plane directions of 1.7.