纳米固体超强酸的制备及表征

本文采用不同的金属离子(Sn2+,Sn4+,Al3+,Ag+,Ni2+)和SO2-4浸渍ZrO(OH)2的方法制备了一系列金属改性的SO2-4/ZrO2的纳米固体超强酸。并通过指示剂法测定其酸强度,用IR、BET、XRD、TEM及化学分析等多种试验手段对催化剂进行表征,并通过正己烷裂解反应考察了该类固体超强酸催化剂的催化活性。结果发现:不同的金属离子掺杂制得的改性SO2-4/ZrO2催化剂具有不同的性能。Sn2+、Sn4+和Al3+掺杂的超强酸有较强的酸性,但只有Ni2+、Sn2+掺杂的SO2-4/ZrO2样品具有正己烷裂解反应活性,Ag+、Sn4+掺杂改性的SO2-4/ZrO2样品不具有正己烷裂解活性。     

PLS vs zeolites as sorbents and catalysts. Part 7. The role of oxide pillars and aluminosilicate sheets in alcohol dehydration on PILCs

Reactions of primary aliphatic C2-C8 alcohols on alumina and iron-aluminium-oxides pillared montmorillonite and beidellite indicate that dehydration reaction occurs on Lewis sites of pillars, while clays are responsible of cracking. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

关于多个子空间的交空间

关于多个子空间的交空间 ,到目前为止还没有一个行之有效的直接求法 .本文首先证明了关于分块矩阵的两个重要结果 ,由此得到了一个求多个子空间的交空间的直接方法——初等变换法 .     

Comparative laboratory steam-cracking of different raw materials

Summary Steam cracking of several gasoline and gas oil samples was carried out under different conditions and the results are reported. Some of sample feedstocks were previously cracked in a commercial plant so the laboratory and commercial results could be compared. It was found that the laboratory reactor was more sensitive to the changes of the composition of the raw materials.     

准静态压力作用下岩体爆破成缝方向与机理的研究

本文在讨论了现有的爆破成缝理论以后,首先将岩体在爆生气体作用下的成缝过程分为开裂、扩展和止裂三个阶段,建立了这三个阶段的力学模型。然后,着重分析了爆破成缝方向和机理,提出了相应的断裂判据。最后,结合在大理石试块上进行的爆破成缝试验,通过计算分析,验证了本文提出的成缝机理。     

失谐周期结构中弹性波与振动的局部化

基于弹性波传递矩阵方法，研究了失谐周期结构中弹性波与振动的局部化问题．给出了结构中弹性波传递矩阵的一般表达式，采用奇异值分解方法，分别计算了谐和与失谐周期结构中的局部化因子，并对其进行了分析讨论．对周期结构中波传播与振动局部化的分析方法可用于结构的优化设计．     

The puzzle of whip cracking – uncovered by a correlation of whip-tip kinematics with shock wave emission

During whip cracking the whip-tip reaches a supersonic velocity for a period of about 1.2 ms, thereby emitting a head wave with a parabolic-shaped geometry. A detailed study of this mechanism which encompasses the motion analysis of the whip-tip as well as the determination of the local origin of the shock emission requires a sophisticated recording technique. A pre-trigger framing high-speed video camera system was used which was triggered by an acoustical sensor and synchronized with a pulsed copper-vapour laser. The phenomena were visualized by the direct shadowgraph method and recorded cinematographically as digital images at a frame rate of 9 kHz using a CCD-matrix with pixels. The resulting series of frames allowed, for the first time, (i) a reconstruction of the whip-tip trajectory, (ii) a determination of the tuft velocity and acceleration, (iii) a correlation of whip-tip kinematics with shock wave emission, and (iv) a motion analysis of the turning and unfolding mechanism of the tuft. The tuft at the whip-tip was accelerated within a distance of about 45 cm from a Mach number of to a maximum of , thereby reaching a maximum acceleration of 50,000 g. The shock is emitted at the moment when the cracker, arriving at the turning point of the lash, is rapidly turned around. After emission of the shock wav within a short distance of only 20 cm. Received 3 March 1997 / Accepted 21 July 1997     

异质双材料粘接梁的界面端部应力及端部龟裂破坏的实验应力分析

本文采用了高灵敏度的云纹干涉法对异质双材料粘接梁在弯曲载荷作用下的位移进行了测量，用局部杂交法对界面端部区域的应变和应力进行了计算。通过对该区域内的实验应力分析发现：拉应力σｘ是影响结构强度的关键因素。本文还对在基体材料表面近角点区域可能出现的龟裂破坏的原因进行了分析。     

Improvement of environmental stress cracking resistance of polycarbonate by silicone coating

To explore the possibility of using surface coating to reduce environmental stress cracking (ESC) of transparent polycarbonate (PC) parts, silicone coated and SiO₂ coated PC were tested in a self-made three-point bending apparatus in the presence of ethanol. The variation of stress with time was recorded, and the surface cracking was observed to evaluate the ESC resistance of samples. Slower stress relaxation rates and fewer surface cracks indicated that silicone coating improved the ESC resistance of PC, but SiO₂ coated PC was found to be no better than that of uncoated PC. Silicone coating reduced the absorption of ethanol in PC, weakening the surface plasticization, thus hindering the formation and development of cracks in PC. Nanoindentation test results showed that the mechanical properties such as hardness and elastic modulus of silicone coating are a better match for PC than SiO₂ coating. This allows the silicone coating to have a favorable effect in providing continuous protection for PC under the combined action of ethanol and stress.     

ZSM-5分子筛的合成及其在丁烯催化裂解反应中的应用

采用水热合成法制备了无模板剂ZSM-5分子筛并用正硅酸甲酯(TMOS)对其进行外表面修饰改性,利用XRD、SEM、~(29)Si MAS NMR、~(27)Al MAS NMR、NH_3-TPD、BET和UV-vis DRS对合成分子筛的物相、形貌和酸性等进行了表征,并将其应用于催化丁烯裂解反应。研究表明,经水热合成的无模板剂ZSM-5结晶度较好,与添加模板剂合成的ZSM-5拥有相似的孔道结构和晶体结构以及相近的酸量,但在酸中心分布上有明显差异:孔道内酸中心数量增加且分布更加均匀,孔道交叉处酸中心数量减少;经过外表面修饰改性后,ZSM-5分子筛外表面部分不具备择形性的酸中心被钝化,使其择形选择能力增强。在催化丁烯裂解反应中,用TMOS进行外表面修饰改性的无模板剂ZSM-5分子筛作为催化剂能够有效抑制副反应的发生,丙烯和乙烯的总收率高达58%。