Combinatorial functionalization with bisurea‐peptides and antifouling bisurea additives of a supramolecular elastomeric biomaterial

The bioactive additive toolbox to functionalize supramolecular elastomeric materials expands rapidly. Here we have set an explorative step toward screening of complex combinatorial functionalization with antifouling and three peptide‐containing additives in a bisurea‐based supramolecular system. Thorough investigation of surface properties of thin films with contact angle measurements, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy, was correlated to cell‐adhesion of endothelial and smooth muscle cells to apprehend their respective predictive values for functional biomaterial development. Peptides were presented at the surface alone, and in combinatorial functionalization with the oligo(ethylene glycol)‐based non‐cell adhesive additive. The bisurea‐RGD additive was cell‐adhesive in all conditions, whereas the endothelial cell‐specific bisurea‐REDV showed limited bioactive properties in all chemical nano‐environments. Also, aspecific functionality was observed for a bisurea‐SDF1α peptide. These results emphasize that special care should be taken in changing the chemical nano‐environment with peptide functionalization. © 2019 The Authors. Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2019 , 57, 1725–1735     

Raman spectrometry as a screening tool for solvent-extracted azo dyes from polyester-based textile fibres

Some types of textile fibres are considered to be the cause of allergic reactions and other adverse health effects on humans. The main compounds behind these health problems usually contain azo groups in their chemical structure, which are widely employed as azo dyes in the manufacture of textile and clothing products. In this respect, availability of simple analytical procedures for identifying azo groups in textiles is of concern, not only for toxicological studies, but also for clinical and forensic investigations. In this work, conventional Raman spectrometry was assessed as an analytical tool for identification of the azo function in the extracts of fibres obtained after applying a liquid-solvent extraction procedure to the polyester-based textile products. A medium-polarity solvent of ethanol-diethyl ether (1:1 mixture) was shown to be the most effective extraction medium. Two laser lines at 514.5 nm and 785 nm were compared, with the longer wavelength preferred as additional peaks were identified in the Raman spectrum, which had better signal-to-background and signal-to-noise ratios owing to decreased fluorescence in contrast to excitation at 514.5 nm. The method reported is a convenient procedure that can be applied in many instances when rapid screening of fibre dyes is required.     

Enhancing the Electrochemical Performance of a High-Voltage LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 Cathode in a Carbonate-Based Electrolyte with a Novel and Low-Cost Functional Additive

Butyric anhydride (BA) is used as an effective functional additive to improve the electrochemical performance of a high-voltage LiNi_0.5Mn_1.5O₄ (LNMO) cathode. In the presence of 0.5 wt % BA, the capacity retention of a LNMO/Li cell is significantly improved from 15.3 to 88.4 % after 200 cycles at 1 C. Furthermore, the rate performance of the LNMO/Li cell is also effectively enhanced, and the capacity goes up to 112 mAh g⁻¹ even at 5 C, which is considerably higher than that of a LNMO/Li cell in electrolyte without BA additive (95.4 mAh g⁻¹ at 5 C). Linear sweep voltammetry and cyclic voltammetry results reveal that the BA additive can be preferentially oxidized to construct a stable cathode electrolyte interphase (CEI) film on the LNMO cathode. Subsequently, the BA-derived CEI film can alleviate the decomposition of the electrolyte and the dissolution of Mn and Ni ions from the LNMO cathode as well as maintain the structural stability of LNMO during the cycling process; this leads to outstanding electrochemical performance. Thus, this work provides an effective and low-cost functional electrolyte for high-voltage LNMO-based LIBs.     

Sonochemical reduction of Cr(VI) in air in the presence of organic additives: What are the involved mechanistic pathways?

The sonochemical (850 kHz) reduction of Cr(VI) (0.3 mM, pH 2, reactor open to air) was analyzed in the presence of different additives. The effects on Cr(VI) reduction efficiency of added formic acid (FA, 10 mM), citric acid (Cit, 2 mM), ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA, 1 mM), methanol (MeOH, 0.1 M), ethanol (EtOH, 0.1 M), 2-propanol (2-PrOH, 0.1 M), tert-butanol (t-BuOH, 0.1 M), phenol (PhOH, 2 mM) and sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS, 1 mM) have been evaluated in comparison with the system in the absence of additives. Complete Cr(VI) reduction was obtained only when using EDTA (at 120 min) and Cit (at 180 min). Cr(III) complexes with these compounds or with their degradation products were detected as final products. For EDTA, Cit, t-BuOH, FA and SLS, the Cr(VI) decay could be adjusted to a zero-order kinetics; in the cases of MeOH, EtOH and 2-PrOH, there was a deviation from the zero-order kinetics. The Cr(VI) conversion increased in the order SLS (very low) < no additive ≅ MeOH ≅ EtOH ≅ 2-PrOH < FA < t-BuOH < PhOH < Cit < EDTA. The role of EDTA and Cit in stabilizing intermediate Cr(V) peroxo compounds and enhancing their direct transformation into different Cr(III) species is considered a major factor in the acceleration of Cr(VI) reduction processes. Mechanistic pathways are proposed.     

氮化钛硬质薄膜在不同种类润滑油下的摩擦学性能研究

采用球-盘摩擦试验机分别考察了氮化钛硬质薄膜与轴承钢和氮化硅陶瓷组成的摩擦副在不同种类润滑油条件下的摩擦学性能,并表征了其磨痕表面形貌与元素成份.结果显示:与Ti N硬质薄膜干摩擦性能相比,润滑油可显著降低摩擦系数,延长磨损寿命,且具有较长烷基碳链的润滑油性能较优;当上试球材料不同时,其油润滑条件下的性能亦不同.相同润滑油条件下,氮化硅球作为摩擦副时,其润滑性能优于轴承钢球.磨痕表面形貌及能谱分析结果表明:具有较长烷基碳链的润滑油在摩擦副研磨滑动过程中起到油性剂的作用,而短碳链硅油分子结构中含有氯元素,虽通过摩擦化学反应生成边界润滑膜,但不完整致密,以致短时间内润滑失效.     

三氟化铈的高温热稳定性及其分解产物对摩擦磨损性能的影响和作用机理

通过差热－热重分析和Ｘ射线衍射分析，考察了纯度较高的ＣｅＦ３从室温直至１２００℃的热稳定性，发现其在８００℃下热分解后形成的稳定产物是ＣｅＯ２·对ＣｅＦ３从室温到７００℃的摩擦学特性的研究结果表明：ＣｅＦ３可以在４００～７００℃有效润滑ＨａｓｔｅｌｏｙＣ；与ＨａｓｔｅｌｏｙＣ自配副相比，ＣｅＦ３可使ＨａｓｔｅｌｏｙＣ的磨损率下降３个数量级；ＣｅＦ３的减摩性能是因其具有近似的层状结构．ＣｅＯ２只在７００℃时才具有一定的润滑性，因而ＣｅＦ３的热分解有损其减摩性能     

WSe2纳米结构的合成及减摩性能研究

将W粉和Se粉按一定比例混合,直接密封在石英管中加热或高能球磨、压片,在Ar气氛中加热,得到了不同形貌的WSe2纳米结构.利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和透射电子显微镜(TEM、HRTEM)分析了WSe2纳米结构的组成、微观形貌和组织形态;利用UMT-2摩擦试验机考察了WSe2作为HVI500液体基础油添加剂的摩擦磨损性能.研究结果表明:直接密封加热得到的产物为棒状WSe2纳米材料,最小棒直径为6 nm;球磨、压片后加热得到WSe2纳米颗粒,颗粒的平均尺寸在50 nm以下,二者都具有层状结构和良好的结晶性.添加质量分数5%的WSe2纳米材料作为基础油添加剂能够显著降低摩擦系数,减少磨损,增强了材料抗疲劳磨损能力.     

聚异丁烯基丁二酰钼添加剂的摩擦学特性研究

用四球摩擦磨损试验机考察了聚异丁烯基丁二酰钼(MoPIBS)在26^#白油中的摩擦学性能，探讨了其同硫系添加剂的复配效果，并用Auger电子能谱仪和X射线光电子能谱仪分析了磨斑表面边界膜的化学组成和元素分布．结果表明：在边界润滑条件下，MoPIBS作为润滑油添加剂具有良好的抗磨和减摩性能，并能在一定程度上提高基础油的承载能力；MoPIBS与硫系添加剂复配时表现出较好的协同极压和减摩作用，但抗磨性能变化不大。MoPIBS在磨损表面形成主要由MoO3和含氧有机物组成的边界膜，MoPIBS／硫系复配添加剂则在磨损表面形成含MoS2和FeS的边界膜，这是添加剂具有优异摩擦学性能的主要原因．     

造纸污泥添加剂对麦秆灰烧结熔融特性的影响

利用灰熔点测试仪、XRD及XRF等仪器,对比研究了造纸污泥(脱墨污泥、造纸废水污泥)、城市废水污泥作为添加剂对麦秆灰熔融特性的影响,考察了烧结和熔融过程中的组分变化,分析了污泥添加剂对麦秆灰的作用机理;进一步将污泥添加剂与常规添加剂进行灰熔融特性对比研究。研究发现,添加比例控制为3%-10%,造纸污泥(脱墨污泥、造纸废水污泥)软化温度提升效果均优于城市废水污泥;在添加比例控制为5%时,造纸废水污泥对麦秆灰软化温度提升效果最好;增大添加比例过程中,造纸废水污泥Al_2O_3修饰骨架作用明显,但灰中长石类物质逐渐增多使得软化温度提升效果下降;在不同温度下,脱墨污泥主要是通过形成硅铝榴石使得灰熔点提升,造纸废水污泥则主要是通过生成高熔点物质CaSiO_3抑制低熔点硅酸盐形成,城市废水污泥升温中存在明显SiO_2晶态转变过程;使用污泥添加剂作为抗结渣添加剂具有良好应用前景。     

New approaches to characterize polymeric oil additives in solution based on pyrene excimer fluorescence

Maleated polyolefins (MaPOs) such as maleated ethylene propylene copolymers or polyisobutylene terminated at one end with a succininic anhydride can be used as polymeric dispersants in engine oils after reaction with polyamines while unmodified EP copolymers improve the viscosity index of oils. MaPOs can also be labeled with pyrene derivatives to generate pyrene‐labeled polyolefins (PyLPOs) as fluorescent mimics of oil additives and pyrene excimer fluorescence (PEF) can be applied to probe their behavior in solution. This review describes new methodology that was recently implemented to characterize the complex fluorescence signal emitted by PyLPOs by using steady‐state and time‐resolved fluorescence. This methodology enables one to gain quantitative information about the level of clustering of the succinic pendants along a maleated polyolefins and intra‐ and intermolecular aggregation of polyolefins in solution. Such information is relevant to scientists aiming to characterize polymeric oil additives used in engine oil. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2017 , 55, 7–18