绿色润滑油的发展概况

概述了绿色润滑油的发展状况,阐述了绿色润滑油的含义,阐述了绿色润滑油的含义,介绍了生物降解试验方法,通过对绿色润滑油基础油及基适用的添加剂的综述,提出了绿色润滑油发展过程中存在的主要问题,并对将来的发展趋势进行了展望。     

镶嵌用固体润滑剂对锡青铜轴承摩擦学性能影响的研究

用端面摩擦试验机考察了几种镶嵌用固体润滑剂及添加剂在常温条件下对锡青铜轴承摩擦磨损性能的影响,并用X-射线衍射法、俄歇电子能谱法分析了摩擦表面转移膜的化学组成和结合情况。结果表明,几种固体润滑剂的嵌入均可提高轴承的耐磨性,并对减小摩擦系数有一定的作用;摩擦表面固体润滑剂转移膜的形成能够有效地减少摩擦副表面间的粘着现象,是改善轴承摩擦磨损性能的主要原因。     

酯基功能化离子液体作为钢/钢摩擦副润滑剂的摩擦学性能研究

合成了含酯基官能团的咪唑类离子液体;研究了其物化性质及热稳定性;通过与非功能化的烷基咪唑离子液体对比,在SRV摩擦磨损试验机上研究了常温及高温条件下酯基功能化离子液体作为钢/钢摩擦副润滑剂的摩擦学性能;用SEM和XPS对磨斑表面进行了分析.结果表明:酯基功能化离子液体具有很高的热稳定性;酯基团的引入使得离子液体的黏度有所增加,导致其在较低载荷下的减摩性能降低,但引入的酯基官能团增强了离子液体对金属表面的化学吸附力,使其抗磨性能显著提高,在高载荷下离子液体分解所产生的活性元素氟与摩擦副表面的金属发生摩擦化学反应,生成以氟化亚铁和氧化铁为主体的边界润滑膜,从而降低了摩擦和磨损.同时发现含有TF₂N^-阴离子的功能化离子液体较含有BF^-₄阴离子的功能化离子液体具有更好的抗磨性能;含有较长N-烷基链的功能化离子液体的抗磨减摩性能较好.     

离子液体作为Si3N4-Ti3SiC2摩擦副润滑剂的摩擦学性能研究

采用SRV摩擦磨损试验机在室温及100 ℃下考察了两种离子液体（L-B106 和L-P106）、丙三醇、水作为Si₃N₄-Ti₃SiC₂摩擦副润滑剂的摩擦学行为,利用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）及X光电子能谱（XPS）对磨损表面进行了分析.结果表明：室温、20 N条件下,两种离子液体和丙三醇抗磨和减摩性能相当,室温、100 ℃条件下,L-P106相较于L-B106具有更好的润滑性能,且其抗磨和减摩性能均优于丙三醇,作为Si₃N₄-Ti₃SiC₂摩擦副润滑剂具有在苛刻环境条件下使用的应用前景. XPS分析结果表明：Ti₃SiC₂材料在摩擦过程中在摩擦热作用下生成了SiO_x、TiO₂,进而有效提高了Ti₃SiC₂摩擦副材料的抗磨损性能;此外,离子液体中的活性元素在Si₃N₄-Ti₃SiC₂摩擦副表面发生了复杂的摩擦化学反应,生成了由氟化钛、磷酸钛及硼酸钛等组成的具有减摩和抗磨性能的边界润滑膜.     

含氮杂环类润滑油添加剂CoMFA-QSTR及CoMSIA-QSTR抗磨损性能模型的构建

依据摩擦学定量构效关系理论(QSTR),采用比较分子力场分析(CoMFA)和比较分子相似性指数分析(CoMSIA)这两种方法研究了含氮杂环类润滑油添加剂的抗磨损性能的摩擦学三维定量构效关系(3D-QSTR),并建立了相应的3D-QSTR模型.结果表明:仅利用静电场构建CoMFA或CoMSIA模型时,模型预测能力最好,r~2,q~2均大于0.5.根据CoMFA或CoMSIA模型等高线图分析得出:分子静电场对含氮杂环类润滑油添加剂的抗磨损性能影响最大,在特定区域的引入带负电荷或带正电荷的基团将有助于抗磨性能的提高.     

油溶性羧酸镧的合成及其摩擦学性能研究

合成了1种不含硫磷的新型稀土化合物,该化合物在液体石蜡中具有较好的溶解性.热重分析(TGA)表明该化合物热稳定性较好.采用四球摩擦磨损试验机考察了其作为添加剂在液体石蜡中的减摩抗磨性能,结果表明当添加剂的含量为3.0%(w/w)时,与商业化的ZDDP相比具有更好的减摩抗磨效果.当与一定量的有机配体进行复配后,其性能可得到进一步提升.采用X射线光电子能谱(XPS)对磨斑表面进行了分析,结果发现La以羧酸镧和单质镧的形成存在,表明添加剂与金属表面发生了摩擦化学反应.俄歇电子能谱(AES)对元素的深度分布情况表明La向金属基体发生了渗透.含有羧酸镧的吸附膜和含有单质镧、羧酸亚铁的反应膜共同构成了高性能的边界润滑膜.     

蓖麻油聚氧乙烯醚水基润滑液摩擦学特性研究

本文以蓖麻油聚氧乙烯醚水基润滑液为研究对象,分别使用润滑膜厚度测量仪、微摩擦试验机和四球摩擦试验机对其成膜特性、摩擦磨损特性和抗磨极压特性进行了系统的研究,并用扫描电子显微镜和能量色散光谱仪对摩擦磨损机制进行了分析。结果表明：蓖麻油聚氧乙烯醚提高了纯水的成膜能力,能够在钢-铝摩擦副形成有效的润滑膜,起到良好的减摩抗磨效果。随着浓度的增大,对钢-铝摩擦副的减摩抗磨性能和四球摩擦试验的抗磨极压性能都得到了提高。     

土壤和沉积物石油污染现状

针对全球石油污染的现状从原油的组成、分类与对环境的潜在影响、原油中有毒有害物质的成分、石油的工业工艺流程等方面进行了论述,并着重分析了中国土壤和沉积物原油污染,对松辽盆地、济阳坳陷、塔里木盆地、渤海油区等区域污染现状作了详细介绍,对石油勘探开发中重要污染源之一——化学助剂造成的污染也作了总括.     

Strategic Approaches to the Dendritic Growth and Interfacial Reaction of Lithium Metal Anode

Utilization of lithium (Li) metal anode is highly desirable for achieving high energy density batteries. Even so, the unavoidable features of Li dendritic growth and inactive Li are still the main factors that hinder its practical application. During plating and stripping, the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer can provide passivation, playing an important role in preventing direct contact between the electrolyte and the electrode in Li metal batteries. Because of complexities of the electrolyte chemical and electrochemical reactions, the various formation mechanisms for the SEI are still not well understood. What we do know is that a strategic artificial SEI achieved through additives electrolyte can suppress the Li dendrites. Otherwise, the dendrites keep generating an abundance of irreversible Li, resulting in severe capacity loss, internal short-circuiting, and cell failure. In this minireview, we focus on the phenomenon of dendritic Li-growth and provide a brief overview of SEI formation. We finally provide some clear insights and perspectives toward practical application of Li metal batteries.     

Functionalization of multiwalled carbon nanotube via surface reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer polymerization and as lubricant additives

Polymer‐grafted multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) hybrid composite which possess a hard backbone of MWCNT and a soft shell of brush‐like polystyrene (PSt) were synthesized. The reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) agents were successfully immobilized onto the surface of MWCNT first, and PSt chains were subsequently grafted from sidewall of MWCNT via RAFT polymerization. Chemical structure of resulting product and the quantities of grafted polymer were determined by Fourier transform infrared, thermal gravimetric analysis, nuclear magnetic resonance, and X‐ray photoelectron spectra. Transmission electron microscopy and field emission scanning electron microscopy images clearly indicate that the nanotubes were coated with a polymer layer. Furthermore, the functionalized MWCNT as additives was added to base lubricant and the tribological property of resultant MWCNT lubricant was investigated with four‐ball machines. The results indicate that the functionalization led to an improvement in the dispersion of MWCNT and as additives it amended the tribological property of base lubricant. The mechanism of the significant improvements on the tribological properties of the functionalized MWCNT as additives was discussed. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 46: 3014–3023, 2008