A study on coherent structures and drag-reduction in the wall turbulence with polymer additives by TRPIV

An experimental measurement was performed using time-resolved particle image velocimetry (TRPIV) to investigate the spatial topological character of coherent structures in wall-bounded turbulence of polymer additive solution. The fully developed near-wall turbulent flow fields with and without polymer additives at the same Reynolds number were measured by TRPIV in a water channel. The comparisons of turbulent statistics confirm that due to viscoelastic structure of long-chain polymers, the wall-normal velocity fluctuation and Reynolds shear stress in the near-wall region are suppressed significantly. Furthermore, it is noted that such a behavior of polymers is closely related to the decease of the motion of the second and forth quadrants, i.e., the ejection and sweep events, in the near-wall region. The spatial topological mode of coherent structures during bursts has been extracted by the new mu-level criteria based on locally averaged velocity structure function. Although the general shapes of coherent structures are unchanged by polymer additives, the fluctuating velocity, velocity gradient, velocity strain rate and vorticity of coherent structures during burst events are suppressed in the polymer additive solution compared with that in water. The results show that due to the polymer additives the occurrence and intensity of coherent structures are suppressed, leading to drag reduction.     

锂离子液体作为聚乙二醇添加剂的摩擦学性能研究

利用2-恶唑烷酮(OZO)、尿素、三乙二醇二甲醚(G3)和四乙二醇二甲醚(G4)与四氟硼酸锂(LiBF4)、六氟磷酸锂(LiPF6)、三氟甲烷磺酸锂(LiSO3CF3)和双(三氟甲烷磺酰)亚胺锂(LiTFSI)的配位作用,在聚乙二醇(PEG)中合成了一系列锂离子液体润滑油添加剂,如[Li(OZO)]BF4、[Li(OZO)] PF6、[Li(OZO)]SO3CF3和[Li(OZO)] TFSI等,并对其物理化学性质和摩擦学性能进行了研究.结果显示:这类离子液体在PEG中具有较好的溶解性,作为PEG的添加剂,显示出优于传统离子液体(1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑双三氟甲烷磺酰亚胺盐)的减磨抗磨性能;阳离子对这一系列离子液体添加剂的摩擦学性能影响不明显,以TFSI-为阴离子的离子液体表现出最好的减摩性能.     

新型水溶性润滑添加剂的研究进展

在工业润滑领域中,水溶性润滑添加剂决定着水基润滑体系的性能.近年来一些具有特殊结构与组成的新型水基润滑添加剂表现出了优异的使用性能和广阔的应用前景.本文作者从摩擦学特性和润滑机理出发,分别综述了国内外关于纳米微粒、含氮杂环化合物、高分子聚合物和离子液体等材料作为水溶性润滑添加剂的研究进展,分析了当前研究中存在的问题,并对其发展趋势进行了展望.     

Plastic scintillator for pulse shape neutrons and gamma quanta discrimination

This study describes a new plastic scintillator for pulse shape n-γ discrimination. The scintillator contains two activation centers with different life spans. The first activator collects the singlet excitation energy of a polymer base, and the second activator utilizes triplet excitation states. We utilized 1,4-dimethyl-9,10-diphenylanthracene (DMDPA) and tris(dibenzoylmethide) (1,10-phenanthroline)Europium(III) (Eu[DBM]₃Phen) as activators. The figure of merit for this scintillator is 1.37, which is sufficient for reliable n-γ discrimination.     

Simultaneous determination of 20 food additives by high performance liquid chromatography with photo-diode array detector

An efficient and accurate analytical method was developed for the simultaneous determination of 20 synthetic food additives, including three sweeteners,seven food colorants,nine synthetic preservatives and caffeine,by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with photodiode array detector(PDA).This method permits the detection of food additives at very low concentrations(0.005-0.150μg/mL).The applicability was verified by the determination of food additives present in various foodstuffs.     

Simultaneous Determination of Preservatives,Artificial Sweeteners,and Synthetic Dyes in Kimchi by Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography Electrospray Ionization Tandem Mass Spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-MS/MS)

Abstract

A simple and rapid method was developed for the simultaneous determination of five preservatives, six artificial sweeteners, and nine synthetic dyes in kimchi using ultra-performance liquid chromatography electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-MS/MS) with multiple reaction monitoring (MRM). The chromatographic separation was performed in 5.5?min using an Acquity UPLC BEH C18 column (100?mm × 2.1?mm, 1.7?µm) with a mobile phase composed of 0.002% trifluoroacetic acid and 10?mM aqueous ammonium acetate or 9:1 (v/v) methanol:acetonitrile. Linear calibration curves were obtained with correlation coefficients above 0.98. The limits of quantification ranged between 0.227 and 8.569?ng/mL, while the recovery values in kimchi samples were from 83.1 to 113.5%. Forty kimchi samples were analyzed for the food additives, with sweeteners detected in more than half of these samples. The most commonly detected sweetener was saccharin, and six of the kimchi samples contained a combination of sweeteners; dulcin, sucralose, acesulfame K, preservatives, and synthetic dyes were not detected. Based on these results, the developed method can be used for the rapid quality control of food additives in kimchi.     

食品中化学添加剂的功能与风险控制*

食品中的化学添加剂是指由化学方法合成的一类食品添加剂。本文探讨了食品中化学添加剂产生和发展的原因,指出化学合成的食品添加剂是天然物质群的一种补充与完善,概述了化学合成食品添加剂的一般性质和功能,介绍了食品添加剂联合专家委员会(JECFA)、美国、欧盟和中国对食品添加剂进入市场前的安全性评价程序和方法,以及美国、欧盟和中国在化学添加剂投入使用后实施监督管理的机构、法律依据、质量标准等,总结了影响食品中化学添加剂安全风险控制的主要因素,最后在此基础上,提出如何从政府、企业、科研三方面完善风险控制体系和有效保障食品安全的建议。     

手性流动相添加法拆分酮康唑外消旋体

采用C18反相色谱柱,利用在流动相中加入手性选择剂的方法实现酮康唑对映体的拆分。研究了手性选择剂的种类及浓度、流动相pH值、甲醇比例和柱温等因素对酮康唑手性分离的影响,结果表明磺丁基-β-环糊精可以使酮康唑对映体完全分离,最后选择的流动相组成为甲醇-0.02 mol/L磷酸二氢钠(体积比为60∶40,含0.02%三乙胺和1.0 mmol/L磺丁基-β-环糊精,用稀磷酸调节pH值到3.00)。酮康唑对映体在6 min内得到基线分离,分离度为2.05。方法简便,分离效果好,对酮康唑对映体的拆分具有应用价值。     

DTAB-KTL复合添加剂抑制锌电极腐蚀的协同效应

应用失重法、电化学方法、扫描电镜等研究十二烷基三甲基溴化铵(DTAB)、咳特灵(KTL)复合添加剂抑制锌在KOH(3mol/L)溶液的缓蚀作用.结果表明:与单一添加剂相比,DTAB-KTL复合添加剂缓蚀效果更好.由于二者的协同效应,使KTL更容易吸附在锌电极DTAB表面,提高缓蚀作用.     

1-乙基-3-辛基咪唑二乙基膦酸盐离子液摩擦学行为研究

合成了1-乙基-3-辛基咪唑二乙基膦酸盐离子液体,采用傅立叶变换红外光谱仪（FT-IR）和核磁共振谱仪表征了其结构;测定了该化合物的黏度、倾点和密度;在四球试验机和SRV摩擦磨损试验机上评价了其作为润滑剂对钢/钢体系的润滑作用;采用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和X射线光电子能谱仪（XPS）分析了钢块磨损表面形貌及化学状态.结果表明：1-乙基-3-辛基咪唑二乙基膦酸盐离子液体低温流动性能和抗腐蚀性能较好;作为润滑剂对钢/钢摩擦副具有优异的减摩抗磨性能,XPS结果显示该离子液体在钢磨损表面形成了含Fe2O3和有机金属复合物等的边界润滑膜,有效地提高了摩擦副的承载能力和抗磨性能.