基于荷载形函数的大跨桥梁结构移动荷载识别

大跨桥梁结构中的移动荷载识别是结构健康监测的重要组成部分之一,其作为动力学中的反问题,存在唯一性及稳定性等病态问题。本文首先推导出移动荷载作用下结构响应的卷积形式的离散公式,然后利用有限元理论中的形函数拟合移动荷载,推导出基于荷载形函数的移动荷载识别表达式。将移动荷载的识别转化为荷载形函数拟合系数的识别,降低了需要识别的未知量,减小了逆运算的计算量,消除或减弱逆问题病态性,并提高了计算效率。利用某大跨刚构-连续预应力混凝土桥梁修正后的有限元模型进行数值仿真,考虑路面粗糙度,由模态叠加法计算移动荷载作用下的响应;然后采用荷载形函数方法识别移动荷载,证明该方法在5%以下的噪声时能快速并精确识别复杂桥梁结构的移动荷载。     

Numerical treatment of a discontinuous top surface in 2D shallow water mixed flow modeling

This paper presents a numerical strategy based on shallow water equations (SWE) coupled with the 2D Preissmann slot model to handle a ceiling step discontinuity in finite volume schemes for mixed flow modeling. In practice, a typical situation would be a closed structure, such as a bridge or culvert, which induces a sudden vertical flow constriction and may even run partly or totally full in high flow conditions. In such case, both the inlet and outlet of the structure involve a discontinuity in the top elevation. This special singularity is topologically represented by inserting a fictitious cell between 2 adjacent computational cells characterized by sharply different ceiling elevation. The 2D SWE are solved by means of a well‐balanced quasi‐conservative Godunov‐type numerical scheme based on the Slope Limiter Centered (SLIC) scheme. The flow variables at each boundary of the fictitious cell are reconstructed by adopting the cross‐sectional shape of the adjoining cell. Accordingly, the dynamic effect of the structure deck on the flow is suitably modeled, and the C‐property for a stationary solution is rigorously satisfied, even when the closed structure is partially full. The capability of the numerical scheme is verified by comparison with both novel analytical solutions of 1D Riemann problems with a ceiling step discontinuity and experimental data of steady and unsteady mixed flows available in literature. Finally, a real‐scale application to a multiple arch bridge is presented. The results show that the method is robust and effective in predicting the 2D features induced by a crossing structure on the flow dynamics.     

大跨度钢桁桥模型的精细化损伤定位模拟和试验研究

在役大跨钢桁桥数日众多,其杆件往往较长,所以识别出损伤杆并找出局部损伤所处位置对安全评定和加固尤为重要。针对这一问题,参考我国在役钢桁梁桥,基于健康监测的试验目的和相似理论设计制作了贝雷梁式筒支钢桁桥Benchmark模型。根据其结构形式、具体尺寸,并经试验结果修正,建立了基准Matlab有限元模型。环境激励下,首先隔...     

Aluminiumorganic compounds of coordinated salicylaldoxime and their adducts with nitrogen Lewis bases

Aluminiumorganic compounds of a coordinated salicylaldoxime resulted from reaction of M(II)(SALOxH)₂ (where M(II) = Ni(II), Pd(II) and Cu(II); SALOx represents the divalent radical of the salicylaldoxime) with AlR₃(R = CH₃,C₂H₅,i‐C₄H₉,C₆H₅ and Cl). Copper(II) bis‐salicylaldoximate reacting with Al(i‐C₄H₉)₃ does not form a compound similar to those obtained with nickel and palladium. Aluminiumorganic compounds of the coordinated salicylaldoxime result from the substitution of O? H?O hydrogen bonds, existing in chelates, by O? Al? O bridges. All compounds reported in this paper were separated from the reaction mixture as coloured powders and were characterized by chemical analyses, IR spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction spectra, proton NMR spectra and magnetic properties. The new aluminiumorganic compounds form adducts with amine. Among the amine adducts, only the adducts with pyridine were isolated to confirm their formula and the mode of binding. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Transference Numbers of NaCl in Aqueous Mixtures with Organic Solvents of Moderate to Low Permittivities

Electromotive forces (emf) were measured in the transference cells: AgAgCl- Nacl (m₂) in Z NaCl (m₁) in ZAgClAg and Na_xHg_1-xNaCl (m₁) in Z NaCl (m₂) in ZNa_xHg_1-x (where Na_xHg_1-x denotes a flowing Na–amalgam electrode and Z an aqueous-organic solvent mixture) at various molalities m ₂ > m₁ of NaCl in Z = (ethylene glycol + water), (acetonitrile + water) and (1,4-dioxane + water), with mass fractions of the organic components 0.8. The transference number of Na⁺ in (ethylene glycol + water) and (1,4-dioxane + water) varies little with respect to that in pure water medium, whereas in (acetonitrile + water) it increases remarkably with increasing proportion of acetonitrile so as to approach equitransference, behavior similar to that previously found in (methanol + water) and in (ethanol + water). At acetonitrile mass fraction 0.6 NaCl is sufficiently close to equitransference to emerge as a useful salt bridge, nearly at the same level as the popular aqueous KCl.     

Binuclear CpV,Cp*V,and Cp*Ta Complexes containing Organochalcogenolato Bridges, μ‐ER (E = Sulfur,Selenium, Tellurium; R = Methyl,Phenyl, and Ferrocenyl)

Photolysis of the halfsandwich tetracarbonylmetal complexes CpV(CO)₄, Cp*V(CO)₄ and Cp*Ta(CO)₄ in solution in the presence of di(organyl)dichalcogenides E₂R₂ (E = S, Se, Te; R = Me, Ph, Fc) leads to diamagnetic doubly organochalcogenolato‐bridged compounds, [Cp⁽⁾M(CO)₂(μ‐ER)]₂. According to the X‐ray structure determinations carried out for [CpV(CO)₂(μ‐TeMe)]₂, [Cp*V(CO)₂(μ‐TePh)]₂ and [Cp*Ta(CO)₂(μ‐SPh)]₂, the molecular framework consists of a folded M₂(μ‐ER)₂ ring with the cyclopentadienyl ligands in cis‐configuration and the organyl substituents R in a syn‐equatorial arrangement, thus forming a bowl‐shaped molecule with the four terminal CO ligands protruding into the inner sphere. The M…M distances (in the range between 305 and 330 pm) are not considered to indicate direct bonding interactions. The vanadium complexes [Cp⁽⁾V(CO)₂(μ‐ER)]₂ are completely decarbonylated in the presence of an excess of E₂R₂ in boiling toluene, and in many cases the paramagnetic quadruply‐bridged products, [CpV(μ‐ER)₂]₂, can be isolated.     

Enhanced optoelectronic properties with aromatic bridges: A computational study on N-methyl pyridinium and phenolate types of push-pull zwitterions

A series of zwitterions with varying bridges, connecting N-methyl pyridinium acceptor, with phenolate donor, are investigated using various methodologies like, HF, B3LYP, CAM-B3LYP and ωB97xD. In this systematic study effects of various mono aromatic rings as bridges, on the response properties like, the dipole moments (μ), polarizabilities (α), hyperpolarizabilities (β) and adiabatic absorptions were analyzed using CPHF and TDDFT (or TDHF) theories. Compared to many traditional bridges, as well as without a bridge, enhanced nonlinear optical (2ND order NLO) responses were observed for these aromatically bridged zwitterions (with benzene ring as bridge ~5.3 times and ~7.9 times enhanced hyperpolarizabilities were observed compared to either the ethylene bridge or without any bridge cases, respectively). Also, many significant differences and large enhancements in response properties were observed compared to our earlier works on non-zwitterionic system (~4.3 times enhanced hyperpolarizability—benzene as bridge case). For some bridge cases, 10- to 15-fold enhanced hyperpolarizabilities were observed compared to without any bridge case. This work reports a class of non-TICT chromophores, promoting bridge aromaticity control on structure–property correlation, as a suitable and efficient chromophore design strategy to create a wide range of function molecular chromophores. Also, unidirectional natures of response properties and large dipole moments can make these zwitterions suitable 1D-molecular materials for various contemporary technological applications, as poled polymer-based materials.     

大跨机库桁架屋盖结构原型动力特性的实验研究

通过对跨度为(100+150m)的机库桁架屋盖结构的现场环境激励结构动力特性测试,利用谱分析方法对实测数据进行了分析,得出了结构的自振频率和振型.采用结构分析软件Midas建立屋盖的空间模型,采用特征向量法,得到了该结构的动力固有特性.有限元计算结果与动力试验结果在前3阶基本周期有相同的差异,各自所对应的振型吻合较好.结果表明环境激励下识别出该屋盖的低阶模态,可作为该机库的有限元模型修正和健康监测的基础.     

Oligonary Nitrides and Oxonitrides of Si,P, Al,and B in Combination with Rare Earth or Transition Metals as well as Molecular Precursor Compounds with Nitrido Bridges M‐N‐Si (M = Ti,Zr, Hf,W, Sn)

A novel synthetic approach is presented leading to hitherto unknown nitridosilicates, oxonitridosilicates, oxonitridoaluminosilicates, carbidonitridosilicates, as well as nitridoborates and oxonitridoborates of rare earth elements, alkali, and alkaline earth metals. Typically, the respective metals were reacted with silicon diimide, aluminum nitride, or poly(boron amide imide), respectively, under pure nitrogen atmosphere utilizing a radiofrequency furnace. Usually, the compounds are obtained within short reaction periods as coarsely crystalline products. Zink nitridophosphates of the sodalite structure type were obtained by the reaction of phosphorus nitride imide with zinc or zinc chalcogenides, respectively. Several molecular metal silylamides and imides containing nitridobridges between the metals and silicon were obtained by the reaction of differently chlorinated disilazanes with metal chlorides. During these investigations hitherto unknown bis(trimethylsilyl)ammonium salts have been discovered. Furthermore, we report about the synthesis of N‐silyl metal hydrazides.